Game Technology: History and Development

Game Technology: History and Development

        It is undeniable that technological developments have infiltrated all sectors both in terms of industry, business, economy, and even the entertainment world, which also has its own technology. One of them is the video and console game is a technology that has successfully penetrated into the entertainment sector. Playing games can indeed dispel boredom, boredom, as well as useful to fill the time when it is empty. The more modern technology, the easier it is for someone to play games. Especially in the smartphone era, there are so many games that can be played with amazing graphics. The game itself turned out to have a history or origin which is certainly very interesting to know. For example, who exactly was the inventor of the game, and what was the first game console that was made up to how it is developing now. Therefore, the following is a complete review of the inventor as well as the development of existing games in the world.

The origin of video / video game gaming was in the early cathode ray tube based missile defense system in the late 1940s. These programs were later adapted into other simple games in the 1950s. In the late 1950s and through the 1960s, more computer games were developed (mostly on mainframe computers), gradually increasing sophistication and complexity. After this period, video games deviated to various platforms: arcade, mainframe, console, personal computers and then handheld games.

        The first commercial video game console company was Computer Space in 1971, which laid the foundation for the new entertainment industry in the late 1970s in the United States, Japan and Europe. but this long-lasting company was largely due to the flood of video games that came to the market resulting in the total collapse of the console game industry worldwide, eventually shifting market dominance from North America to Japan. But this only affected the game console market, the computer gaming market was largely unaffected. The next generation of video game consoles will continue to be dominated by Japanese companies. Although some efforts will be made by North America and European companies, the fourth generation of consoles, their efforts will ultimately fail. . Not until the sixth generation of video game consoles will non-Japanese companies release a commercially successful console system. The market has followed the same path several times failed by American companies who all failed beyond some limited success in handheld electronic games early on. At present only Japanese companies have successful large handheld game consoles, although in recent years handheld games have come to devices such as cellphones and PDAs.

Game Technology Development

It's no secret if more technology is developing, more and more innovations from creative people in this world are also born. And one of them helped develop game technology, which is routinely developed every time. The game is indeed a promising business because it is not only used by small children but also many adults who are addicted and enjoy playing games, especially console-based games. The technology seems to have developed several generations from year to year, among others;

First Generation (1952-1975)

Year 1952

Game technology apparently was first created by the U.S. Douglas in 1952 at the University of Cambridge. Douglas demonstrated his game through a thesis in order to interact between computers and humans. The first game in the world turned out to be very simple, namely a game of Tic-Tac-Toe or XOXO which was programmed using an EDSAC vaccum-tube computer, where the computer had a CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) screen.

First Game: Tic-Tac-Toe

1st Generation. EDSAC Tic-Tac-Toe

Year 1958

William Higinbotham created the Tennis for Two game played on oscilloscopes at Brookhaven National Laboratory, New York. Same with Douglas, this game is also still very simple. The interface itself displays a tennis court from the side and is still very limited.

Second Game: Tennis for Two

Year 1961

A few years after the creation of the first game technology or more precisely in 1961 — the next game came along with the rise and fall of computer technology. Computers at that time were still very fancy items, from here Steve Russell created a game called Spacewar because it was inspired by the science fiction story by Edward E Smith entitled Skylark. Steve Russell designed "Spacewar!" On the PDP-1 computer mainframe at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The Spacewar game was created by Russell using computers and utilizing the MIT PDP-1 mainframe feature commonly used for statistical calculations. With this computer, Steve successfully made Spacewar.

Third Game: Spacewar

Year 1972

Because gaming technology became a hot topic in the past, some students decided to innovate by utilizing existing technology facilities on campus to make video games more attractive while also channeling creativity. But in 1972, game technology was more developed when for the first time released a video game device made by the Magnavox Odyssey Company, they created a new technological breakthrough in the world of games which succeeded in creating video games that could be connected to television.

Maganavox 'Odyssey, designed by Ralph Baer, ​​became the first console game. Nolan Bushnell and Ted Dabney made Atari. They rented the Al Alcorn program, whose first project was designing an arcade game "Pong".

Year 1975

But unfortunately three years later, in 1975, Magnavox Odyssey stopped producing video games. But they actually introduced a new technology, namely console-based microprocessor. Until finally the Magnavox produced a new type of video game that specifically presents the Pong game. "Pong" became the first product of Atari's game. "Gunfight" comes out, the first arcade game that uses a microprocessor.

 

Birth of Video Games

Second Generation (1976-1983)

Year 1976

In the second generation, game technology developed to be better than before. This period is known as the presence of 8 bit graphics or approximately 4 bits in the history of computers and video games. In 1976, Fairchild tried to revive the world of video games by creating VES (Video Entertainment System). VES is the first machine called "console". This console uses magnetic tapes called cartridges. Well, this concept was followed by several other manufacturers, including Atari, Magnavox, and RCA, the three companies also released similar consoles.

Generation 2. VES (Video Entertainment System)

Year 1977

Atari issued a "home video game system" (Atari Video Computer System / VCS), which came to be known as the Atari 2600. Price: $ 249. Coleco issued a game console that they could program, Telstar Arcade. Nintendo released their first home video game, "TV Game 6". RCA issued the RCA Studio II home video game system. The video game has black and white.

Generation 2. Atari 2600

Year 1980

Mattel released the Intellivision home video game after testing the marketing system in California the previous year. David Crane, Alan Miller, Bob Whitehead, and Larry Kaplan founded Activision, the first company that specializes in making games. Atari released the arcade game "Battlezone", a game with the first 3D perspective. Namco takes out "Pac-Man". APF issued Imagination Machines, computer add-ons for APF MP-1000 home video games. Nintendo was the first to issue a video game-handheld series called Game & Watch.

Generation 2. APF MP-1000

The first "Easter Egg" for video games was born. Warren Robinett programmed it in a game called "Adventure" from the Atari 2600 engine. Broderbund stood. Curtains stands.

Year 1982

GCE released the first portable video home game based on vector, Vectrex. Price: $ 200. Entex released a portable home video game, AdventureVision. Coleco released home video game, ColecoVision. Price: $ 175. Atari released a home video game, the Atari 5200 Super System.

Arcadia SuperCharger was released for Atari 2600, adding graphics and program power to the console. Arcadia then changed its name to Starpath. Mattel issues IntelliVoice, an expansion module for Intellivision. North American Phillips released "The Voice" an additional module for Odyssey2, this module makes "system clear" and "independent voice syntesis".

Commodore released a home computer, Commodore 64. Emerson released a home video game, Arcadia 2001. Amazing 'Software (which later changed its name to Electronic Arts) was founded by Trip Hawkins. Interplay Productions was founded by Brian Fargo. Since 1985 they only use the name Interplay.

Third Generation (1983-1986)

Year 1983

Nintendo released home video games, the Famicom in Japan. Infogrames stands. Origin Systems, famous for its role-playing games "Ultima", stood up. Sega Enterprises stands up. Failed and then sold to Bally, who then only survived for one year Virgin Interactive stood up.

3rd generation. Nintendo

Year 1984

The video game market experienced sluggishness, as a result dozens of companies in the field of games, both software and hardware closed or stopped production. Among them are Apollo, US Games, Telesys, Data Age, Spectravision, and 20th Century Fox. Apple released a Macintosh home computer. The speed of the small engine that has a black-and-white monitor is 7.83mhz. Price: $ 2000. Atari released Atari ST, a home computer. IBM released IBM PC AT, a home computer. Atari released the arcade game "I, Robot", the first game to apply "3D polygon" graphics. Accolade was formed by ex-Atari and Bob Whitehead and Alan Miller from Activision. Ocean were formed. Pygnosis was formed.

Year 1985

Nintendo released a home video game, Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) to test the market in New York, NES became the Famicom. Price: $ 199. Microsoft released the first version of Windows. Alex Pajitnov designed the game PC "Tetris". The first CD-ROM is issued for PC (Personal Computer). Price: $ 1295. Dataset is established. Titus was founded. Westwood Studios was founded.

NES - Famicom

FAMICOM is the first game console that displays high resolution images and animations. And the presence of these devices is of course welcomed by people throughout the world. Even the legendary game Super Mario also first appeared on this Nintendo and Famicon device.

The presence of Super Mario has finally made the game console sales increase, even because there are many software and hardware companies that stop production. Considering that Super Mario at that time sold very fast, it was later feared that making other devices both software and hardware were not sold in the market, so it was not surprising because they did not want to take risks, many companies chose to temporarily stop production.

Super Mario game on Nintendo

Super Mario sales finally made Nintendo expand its marketing to America. And they succeeded in dominating the video game market there, so this indirectly also led to competition between game console companies, namely Nintendo, which is a newcomer, with SEGA which is actually located in America.

Year 1986

Sega released the Sega Master System. Price: $ 199. Atari released the Atari 7800. It was the first system with a "backwards-compatibility" feature, compatible with Atari 2600 cartridges. Cosmi is formed. The Holobyte Spectrum is formed. Soft yams are formed.

3rd generation. Sega

Fourth Generation (1988-1993)

The skyrocketing of Nintendo sales with Super Mario lasted a long time. This was proven in 1988, Nintendo re-issued its new game console with the 16-bit generation while bringing drastic changes to gameplay, sound system, graphics, and so on. The new Nintendo game console is finally welcomed by the world.

Do not want to be stressed by the atmosphere of Nintendo's success, SEGA also released a new version of the game console, Sega Mega Drive with almost the same quality. In fact, SEGA managed to create a game console that has sharper images and smoother animation than Nintendo. But that apparently did not affect the sale of Nintendo devices in the world. This device still survives at the highest selling peak for game consoles.

Nintendo's new game console SNES (Super Nintendo Entertainment System) can indeed rival the SEGA Megadrive in 1990 ago. But a year later, SEGA launched a game called Sonic the Hedgehog, which eventually attracted game lovers. Because the quality of gameplay, graphics, etc., of course, this game is much better than Nintendo Super Mario. And finally Sonic the Hedgehog officially became a super rival of Super Mario.

Year 1989

Nintendo released a game-handheld, Game Boy. Price: $ 109. NEC released the North American version of the Turbografx-16 video game system. Price: $ 189. Sega released the Sega Genesis video game system. Price: $ 249. Atari released the first color handheld game Atari Lynx. Price: $ 149. NEC released an upgraded version of their PC Engine console in Japan, SuperGrafx. Only 5 game titles make use of this video game and have never been sold commercially outside Japan.

4th Generation Game Boy

Year 1991

Commodore released a CD-based home video game, CDTV. Price: $ 999. Fujitsu released FM Towns Marty, the first 32-bit console in the world. Nintendo released Super Nintendo. Price: $ 199. Joe Santulli and Kevin Oleniacz founded Digital Press, an independent publication collector of various video game systems. Two major PC entertainment publishers, Cinemaware and Epyx, close.

Year 1993

Atari released the first 64-bit system (this is still debated) for home video games, Atari Jaguar. Price: $ 250. Commodore released Amiga CD32, a 32-bit game console based on the Amiga 1200 computer. Price: $ 399. 3DO's Hawkins Trip released CD-based home video games, 3DO Multiplayer. The Panasonic version is at the top, followed by Goldstar a few months later. Price: $ 699.

Fifth Generation (1994-1999)

To compete with Nintendo and SEGA, it didn't sound long, Atari finally launched its console, the Atari Jaguar, which has the same SNES and Mega Drive sophistication. But unfortunately, its use is more difficult to make game lovers less interested. Even in this generation, Sony for the first time released a CD-based game console. And then issued a Playstation that uses 32-bit technology.

The two consoles made by Sony finally managed to reap success and grab the attention of game lovers. The CD-based console alone is one of the best-selling game consoles of all time, beating Nintendo and SEGA. Of course, feeling rivaled, then Nintendo released a new console, the Nintendo 64 and SEGA released the SEGA Saturn, which was created to beat the dominance of Sony's console.

Year 1994

The Entertainment Software Ratings Board (ESRB) was formed by the United States government, to rate video games. Sega issued a Sega 32X expansion module for Sega Genesis, price: $ 159. Sony issued a CD-based home video game, Sony PlayStation in Japan.

Generation 5. PlayStation

Year 1996

Nintendo released 64-bit home video games, Nintendo 64. This is the last console to use a cartridge. Bandai released the @World home video game, better known as Pippin. Price: $ 499.

Year 1997

Tiger Electronics issued a video game handheld, game.com. In 1998 Sega released the home video game Sega Dreamcast in Japan. Nintendo released Game Boy Color color handheld video games. The system is compatible with cartridges from the early Game Boy. World of Atari, which the following year became known as the "Classic Gaming Expo", was first held in Las Vegas. Hasbro Interactive bought Atari for $ 5 million.

Year 1999

Sega released the Sega Dreamcast in the USA on 9/9/1999. Price: $ 199. SNK released the Neo-Geo Pocket colored handheld video game.

Generation 5. Sega Dreamcast

Sixth Generation (2000-2013)

Despite launching a new console, but in fact Nintendo and SEGA still can't beat Sony's Playstation sales. Even in 2000, Sony was increasingly rampant with the release of Playstation 2 DVD-based with a much better display than all Nintendo and SEGA consoles. The presence of the Playstation 2 finally left far the gaming technology of the two companies that competed in previous generations. The only console that can compete with Sony is Microsoft's Xbox. This intense competition also made SEGA admit its defeat and they would rather concentrate in the field of making console games.

Despite getting new rivals, Microsoft's Xbox was still unable to compete with the Playstation 2 competition. In that era, the Playstation 2 was the highest selling peak for game consoles.

Year 2000

Sony releases home video games, PlayStation 2. Price: $ 299.

Year 2001

Microsoft released their first home video game, Xbox. Price: $ 299. Nintendo released GameCube home video games. Price: $ 199. Nintendo video game handheld Game Boy Advance.

Generation 6. Xbox

GTA game on the Xbox

Seventh generation (now)

Due to the increasingly sophisticated technology in the field of technology, then the 3 biggest console companies (Sony, Nintendo, and Microsoft) are releasing their next-generation console the latest output. Sony released a next-gen console named PS3 (Playstation 3), then Nintendo with Nintendo Wii then Microsoft with Xbox 360. In this generation online game systems or games involving many players were connected to their consoles and the abandonment of single games. player.

God of war Game on PS4

PS4 cosole

Even though the Xbox display is very sharp and high quality, it turns out that the Xbox game can't beat the popular Playstation 2. So far Sony has launched Playstation version 3, and followed by version 4.

Development of Game Handhelds

The growing popularity of the game made various electronic companies try to make new breakthroughs. Among them is making a small game machine, which can be carried anywhere. Later, consoles were made mini, similar to handhelds, of course, this was a major breakthrough that should not be forgotten in the history of the game.

1976-1979, the history of this pocket video game began, some devices from Mattel were released to the market, but not so popular. Similarly, the Milton Bradley handheld was thrown into the market.

1980-1984, Japanese companies began to explore the handheld market, but still the same results. This continued until 1984. At that time, a name that was certainly familiar until now, Game Boy, appeared. This Nintendo handheld is in great demand and has been named the first handheld in the world with a successful sales figure.

1989, Atari ended the era of black and white handhelds. Its flagship product, Atari Lynx, brings a new dimension. This is the first handheld that is capable of displaying colors, as well as simple 3D animation.

1990, the world of handhelds became increasingly crazy, NEC, the leading electronics company in Japan, made handhelds capable of rendering 3D animation more complex, because it applied 3D graphics concepts to PCs (personal computers). Handheld is different generation: 1. Sony PSP, 2. GamePark XGP, 3. GamePark GP32, 4. Atari Lynx, and 5. NEC TurboExpress.

1994, Since that year, game manufacturers have increasingly been conducting research for handhelds. Sega released Game Gear and a year later, Nintendo updated its product with the Super Game Boy. In fact, Sega manufactures a screenless handheld, Mega Jet, to be implemented on airplanes to entertain passengers. Nintendo Virtual Boy followed, complete with its 3D glasses, which are now being replicated to complement various 3D graphics product packages.

1995, there was an idea to shrink the size of the console, starting with Sega Nomad. This console requires Sega Mega Drive cartridges, but it is small in size, therefore it is classified as a handheld.

1996, Neo Geo Pocket appeared, followed by several variations of Game Boy Pocket and Game Boy Color, which continued to innovate every year.

1998-2000, Sony released the PocketStation and gave a big surprise in the console world. This handheld has a visual quality that is far better than other handhelds on the market. One of Nintendo's frontman, Gumpei Yokoi, decided to leave and join Bandai, then released WonderSwan and WonderSwan Color. Nokia NGage QD, the business of the Nokia mobile phone manufacturer penetrated the gaming industry.

2001, the GP32 Game Park appeared. This Korean-made handheld is very unique, in addition to multimedia features, the owner can design his own applications and games for the GP32. Nintendo also released the Game Boy Advance in the same year. In fact, Nokia's mobile phone manufacturer is no stranger to you, releasing the Nokia N-Gage handheld. This is a cellphone as well as a gaming device that is complete with multimedia features and interconnectivity, such as Bluetooth. And also this year, Game Boy Advance SP was released with a beautiful, solid and solid model.

2004-2006, Sony released the first handheld to use a disc named PSP and was accompanied by the presence of the Nintendo DS, which uses the concept of dual screen. Followed by Game Boy Micro and XGP Game Park. The Nintendo DS Lite and Pelican VG Pocket Caplet are the latest handhelds that are thrown into the market.

Mobile & Online Generation Games

This is the most exciting generation game because there are many games / games developed for mobile purposes such as Flash Games, Web Version Games, Android Version Games and with the support of web technology, the HTML5 Version of the Game is emerging which has been increasingly developed since 2012.

Reference:

• https://carisinyal.com/perkembangan-konsol-game/
• https://www.indoworx.com/searching-journal-perkembangan-teknologi-game-di-dunia/
• https://g2hcombro.wordpress.com/sejarah-perkembangan-game/
• https://naufunoyokishinai.wordpress.com/2015/03/13/sejarah-perkembangan-teknologi-game/
• https://ahmadfikriand.wordpress.com/2016/04/05/sejarah-teknologi-game/
• https://www.klikmania.net/sejarah-dan-perkembangan-teknologi-game/