INTRODUCTION TO HIGH SPEED TRAIN TECHNOLOGY

INTRODUCTION TO HIGH SPEED TRAIN TECHNOLOGY

High speed railways do not have a clear definition. Generally referred to as the type of rail that runs significantly faster than traditional railroad traffic. It uses an integrated system of special rolling stock and special tracks.

Although there is no single standard that applies worldwide, new lines that exceed 250 km / h and lines that are more than 200 km / h are widely considered high speeds, with some extending the definition to enter much lower speeds (for example 160 km / hour) in areas where speed is still a significant improvement.

The first system began operating in Japan in 1964 and was widely known as a bullet train. The high-speed train program has been successful in Japan, China and several European countries such as France, Germany and Spain.

History

1899 German engineers search for high-speed trains. 1964 Japan uses the High Speed ​​Train. The Shinkansen also known as the "bullet train" goes 210 km / h and brings 100 million people in 3 years. 1981 The HSR revolution begins in Europe starting with France. A diesel-powered train is modified with a gas turbine, and is called the "TGV" It reaches 230 km / hour.

History of high speed trains

Technology

Conventional Train Technology, Conventional Train Machines, include:

• Motor-Gearbox compressors.
• HP Turbine-Turbine LP-Generator.
• Gearbox Engine Pump.
• Feed-Turbine-Gearbox-Booster Pump Boiler Pump.

Conventional Train Technology

High-speed train technology generally uses the following technologies:

•  MAGLAV is the principle used in training modern high-speed trains
•  MAGLAV-comes from MAGNET and LEVitation
• Transportation of magnetic levitation is a form of transportation that suspends guides / suspend guides and drives vehicles through the use of electromagnetic power

MAGNET and LEVitation

How it works from maglav technology, including:

•  A maglev train floats about 10mm above the magnetic field - the highway
• This is driven by the guide path itself and not onboard machines by changing the magnetic field
• Once the train is pulled to the next part, the magnetic switch so that the train is pulled back.
•  Electro-magnets work along the road guide.

There are two main types of maglev technology:

• Electromagnetic suspension (EMS)
• Electrodynamic Suspension (EDS)

The main type of maglev technology

Electromagnetic suspension (EMS)

• In the current EMS system, trains float on steel rails while electromagnets, which are installed on trains, are oriented to the rail from below.
• Electromagnets use feedback control to maintain the train at a constant distance

The main type of maglev technology

Electrodynamic suspension (EDS)

• In electrodynamic suspension, both rails and trains exert a magnetic field, and the train is released by the force of rebellion between these magnetic fields.
• The magnetic field on a train is produced by an electromagnet or by a permanent magnetic circuit.
•  Disgusting strength on the track is made by an induced magnetic field on the cable or other conduction strip on the track.

The main type of maglev technology

Aerodynamics on High-Speed ​​Trains

The role of Computational Fluid Dynamicsin (CFD) engineering predictions has become so developed that today it can be seen as a new "third dimension" in fluid dynamics, the other two dimensions are classic cases of pure experimentation and pure theory.

The most satisfying method so far is to use a ground tunnel that moves in the form of a belt.

•      There are six aerodynamic components and each will have an impact on a high-speed train.

•      The trend of variations in aerodynamic components with increasing wind speed is not the same at different speed ranges.

•      The computational simulation of RANS and LES made a good agreement with experimental data.

•      The results of the coefficient of force and moment of aerodynamics show differences in dynamic and static boundary conditions. The results of the investigation show that overshoot in case dynamics is around 30% compared to steady conditions, which proves that it must examine dynamic conditions.

•      Lifting forces, side forces, rolling moments, and evaporating moments will increase with increasing crosswind speed. However, the drag force and the moment of pitching will increase when the crosswind speed is less than 15m / s, and drops after that.

High speed train and rail geometry models

AERODYNAMICS IS HIGHLY INSULATED SPEED TRAIN BASED ON CROSSWIND

The test facility ratio is 1/25 th scale and the track is designed at 136m. The model is connected to an accelerated train, and is driven by a rubber launcher. The train will stop when they reach the end of the track with a hook carrying the cable connected to the piston inside the cylinder for braking.

The measured and calculated pressure distribution

AERODYNAMIC OF HIGH-SPEED TRAIN MOVING THROUGH CROSSWINDS

Investigations under different boundary conditions

Environmentally friendly high speed train. Environmental aspects are fully taken into account in body design High speed trains.

Convenience of High Speed ​​Train Technology

Driving comfort increases even at speeds of 320km / h with high-performance brake technology. By increasing the brake system performance, for example in Japan the E5 Series train can reach the emergency braking distance equivalent to the previous railcar (275km / h) from its maximum speed Speed ​​320km / h. When the emergency brake in the Earthquake is operated, using a ceramic jet device increases the adhesion between the rails and the electric actuator wheels

Continuous Speed ​​Control Digital-ATC High speed trains

Continuous Speed ​​Control Digital-ATC on high-speed trains can be illustrated as follows:

Tunnel Dimension Volume

Operations High-speed trains in tunnels on the dimensions of the radius of difference in small-scale space include:

1.  Driving Approaching the tunnel High speed causes turbulent air pressure.
2.  Air pressure causes a feeling of pain in the passenger ear
3.  Without a ventilation system, it is not possible to drive at high speed.
4.  Airtight structure of the body Rolling stock and continuous Ventilation systems can be made possible to drive at high speed.

Early Earthquake Detection System on high speed trains

If the shoreline seismometer detects the primary wave, Power shutdown activates the emergency brake

The advantages and disadvantages of applying high-speed trains in developing countries

ADVANTAGES

• Reduction of passenger travel time
• Quick access to the city center, leading to economic and industrial growth
• Overcoming higher passenger and freight traffic demand
• The HSR route will help with commercial growth
•  The land needed by HSR is very lacking, reducing environmental impacts
•  This is an Energy Saving mode compared to other modes of transportation

WEAKNESS

• Large Investment - Financial Feasibility is the main problem
• Economic factors - Income balance and outgoing events
• Technological factors such as Technology for Tracks-Trains, Technology for Operations & needed geometric changes
• High maintenance and maintenance costs
• Consideration of passenger and environmental safety
• High travel costs will affect the affordability of ordinary people

Reference:

• https://www.slideshare.net/parth2407/seminar-presentation-on-high-speed-train?qid=7aa1179e-a46d-45c5-9029-b74e92c7a814&v=&b=&from_search=2
• https://www.slideshare.net/ACQUIP/complete-machine-train-alignment?qid=6e5a97d2-3004-4e0d-8440-4f9d7315036a&v=&b=&from_search=1
• https://www.slideshare.net/PeiboZhao/the-aerodynamics-of-high-speed-train-with-the-influence-of-crosswind?qid=d0cc4f65-0cf2-4345-b0c2-3a7c5be4f1a0&v=&b=&from_search=1
• https://www.slideshare.net/SistemaFIEB/innovation-and-advanced-technology-high-speed-train-hitachi-brasil-ltda?qid=c1f2377c-4bcb-4ae8-affd-4d491309289b&v=&b=&from_search=1