Science & Technology: LAPTOP TECHNOLOGY: HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT (English Version)

LAPTOP TECHNOLOGY: HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT

Laptop

The world has long known laptops or commonly known as "laptops". This high-tech Gawai in compact and easy-to-carry sizes everywhere has long been a substitute for the Personal Computer (PC) for everyday affairs, ranging from typing, surfing the internet, to design. However, where does this tiny object come from? How is the journey and history of a laptop so that it can achieve the minimalist form it is today?

Laptop is a computer that can be carried everywhere and lightly. Laptop resources come from a battery or A / C adapter that can be used to recharge the battery and turn on the laptop itself. Laptop batteries in general can last around 1 to 6 hours before finally running out, depending on how you use, specifications, and the size of the battery. Laptops are sometimes referred to as notebook or notebook computers.

As a personal computer, laptops have the same function as desktop computers in general. The components contained in it are exactly the same as the components on the desktop, only the size is reduced, made lighter, less hot, and more power efficient.

After we know the meaning of laptops, of course we also have to know the history of laptop development and when a laptop can be created so that it can be used today.

Laptop History

laptop

Laptops are portable personal computers or they are carried everywhere. The name of the laptop itself is taken from the way people use this personal computer. Previously this personal computer was often used on the lap, then it was given the name Lap Top = Top of the lap.

Since the early 1970s, discourse has created computers that can be carried and used everywhere has become a serious conversation among PC manufacturers and designers. Through the paper "Dynabook" as a result of the hands of Alan Key, a computer book writer who is also the owner of a book printing company.

In it, Alan explained about the basic concept of computers that can be carried everywhere and did not need to be connected to the electricity at all times. This concept is also referred to as personnel, portable information manipulator. From here, finally the history of laptops began. From an idea, finally it becomes the creation of technology that is widely used.

Dynabook

Alan Key in 1968 designed a prototype of what he called a "PC for children of all ages". Kay wants to make a portable computer that is thin, weighs about 1 kg, and has a screen that is close to the size of a paper page. (Kay says that he needs a screen with 1 million pixels).

Less fortunate, the technology needed to produce this tool was not developed at that time. So Kay's vision of Dynabook cannot be realized.

Portable Teletype

40 years ago, a computer had the size of a room, and had a lower-capacity processor than a smartphone now. However, the dream of a portable computer already exists.

March 1968 is not possible to carry a computer, but the typing device can be made portable. That is a Teletype interface, made by Teletype Corporation KSR-33.

This tool is used to send what is typed from one location to a Teletype machine in another location that is far apart. It weighs around 30 kg. You can watch videos about KSR-33 on YouTube.

The IMB SCAMP project, the Special Computer APL Machine Portable, was demonstrated in 1973. This prototype is based on the PALM processor (Put All Logic In Microcode). The IBM 5100, the first commercially available portable computer, appeared in September 1975, and was based on the SCAMP prototype.

IBM 5100

IBM 5100 was a sophisticated computer designed in 1975. Years before "official" laptops appeared, IBM designed a computer that for them was strong and enough to fit in a bag and move easily. The IBM Portable model was the first microcomputer designed at the time made for mathematicians and engineers.

1977 Rockwell AIM 65

In 1977 Rockwell AIM 65, For Rockwell AIM 65 micro computer was more complete with a keyboard, screen and hard copy printer.

In 1978 IBM Portable PC 5110

In 1978 IBM Portable PC 5110, IBM 5110 was a business computer version that originated from IBM 5100 from year 3 previously designed primarily for mathematicians and engineers

In 1979 Heathkit H89

In 1979 Heathkit H89, Heathkit released the Heathkit H89 all-in-one computer in late 1979.

Kompas GRID

In the 1979 era, William Moggridge of the Corporation Grid System created the first portable computer: The Grid Compass Computer 1109. It had 340 kilobytes of memory, a magnesium die-cast box and an electrominescent folding screen. Nasa bought a lot of it in the range of $ 800 per month, for use in the space program.

Compass GRID is certainly one of the earliest laptop computers - many believe this is the first laptop design. Developed in 1979 by the British Bill industry designer Moggridge, had 340kb of memory and was well utilized by NASA in the 1980s.

Even so, Alan is not the person who finally created the laptop. The history of the first laptop was actually born from the results of Adam Osborne's hand in 1975. In realizing his idea he collaborated with Felsenstein, a hardware manufacturer company owner, who is also a professional who is skilled in making processor circuits.

Adam Osborne

Adam Osborne was an American citizen of British descent born in Thailand in 1939. He was known to the public thanks to his great invention, namely a portable computer or laptop. You could say, he is the inventor who started the history of laptops until massive as it is today.

Adam Osborne

About Adam Osborne

Even though he has a US citizen, Adam and his family are quite mobile. He and his family had felt living in Thailand because his father was a lecturer at Chulalongkorn University. After that, he also lived in Kodaikanal, India until the 6th grade. In this place too, finally he and his 2 sisters studied the local language. It is known that Adam and his family were also able to speak Tamil fluently. In 1949, Adam and his family had to return to England.

He completed his studies to get a Masters degree at the University of Birmingham, then continued with a Ph.D. he obtained at the University of Delaware. This is where he was finally exposed to software technology and deepened his interest in the world of computer design. The history of the first laptop began from this trip.

However, before being known as the person who started the history of laptops, Adam Osborne was known in the world of computer-themed authorship. He was a pioneer for computer-themed books, which he published through the company he founded in 1972, Osborne & Associates.

This company specifically publishes manuals or easy instructions for using computers. No fewer than 40 titles have been issued by the company. He is also known to be a member of an organization called Mensa, which is an organization for people with high IQs.

Beginning of Business and Career

Adam Osborne

In 1975, Adam and his colleagues created the world's first portable computer, which he named Osborne 1. Finally, the history of laptops began with him. At the beginning of its appearance, the Osborne 1 weighed up to 10 kilograms and was specifically designed to fit under the passenger seat of the aircraft.

After his work received a positive response from the public, he finally founded the Osborne Computer Corporation. The Osborne 1 was mass produced. In fact, in its heyday the Osborne 1 can sell 10,000 units every month! Adam Osborne is one of the pioneers who started the history of laptops.

He understands very well, if the market for people who need a laptop is very large and not limited to those who like to tinker with computers. At the same time, IBM sold PC components separately, so people were more interested in the Osborne 1 which was portable and could be used immediately.

Osborne I, the world's first laptop by Osborne Computer

Unfortunately, the reputation of his company led to a fall in 1983, when he boasted that he had two latest computer designs ready to be marketed. In fact, this is only a way for the company to get more consumers. This also made the Osborne 1 sales drop dramatically. In fact, the history of this laptop is the backbone of his company's income. Right on September 13, 1983, Osborne Computer Corporation was declared bankrupt and Osborne 1 sales stopped since then. However, this turned out to be creating a new trend in the world of computers, because other manufacturers finally followed in the footsteps of Osborne to issue its own laptop series. The history of laptops continues.

Then, in 1984 he also had time to make a software company called Paperback Software International, by issuing a software for word processing. Unfortunately, his software was sued by the company "Lotus".

His company is accused of copyright theft, because his device has similarities with Lotus 1-2-3. His company was defeated in court, and the father of the history of this world laptop decided to leave the company.

Personal Life Adam Osborne

Adam Osborne showed off Osborne I in print

Personal life from "the father of the history of the world of laptops" is also not free from ups and downs. He is known to have been married twice, the first with Cynthia Geddes and had to experience divorce. Afterwards, he married Barbara Zelnick. From their second marriage, they have 3 children.

One of them is Paulus Osborne, an education expert and writer who is well known to academics from all over the world. Unfortunately, the second marriage failed. Adam and Barbara finally parted ways.

Right in 1992, to "calm down", finally Adam Osborne left America and returned to India, where he spent his childhood. Another reason the inventor who started the history of this laptop back to India is for treatment, because he is known to have chronic brain disorders that trigger stroke.

In the end, he breathed his last breath in this place, right at the age of 64 years. He died on March 18, 2003. Even so, the history of his laptop in the world of technology continues to be known today. Here is a summary of the biography of the world's laptop, Adam Osborne.

• 1939 - Adam Osborne is born in Bangkok, Thailand

1961 - Graduated from the University of Birmingham and received a Ph.D. from the University of Delaware
1970s - Taking off his job as a chemical technician at Shell Oil and deepening the world of computers
1972 - Established Osborne & Associates, a computer book publishing company.
1975 - Creating the Osborne 1, the world's first laptop
1979 - Sells Osborne & Associates for 3 million dollars as capital for Osborne 1
1981 - Established Osborne Computer Corporation. Osborne 1 is mass produced
1983 - Osborne Computer Corporation goes bankrupt
1984 - Established International Paperback Software, creating Lotus 1-2-3 software
1987 - Lotus Corporation submits a lawsuit for copyright infringement to the Paperback Software
1990 - Lotus Corporation wins a lawsuit. Osborne withdrew from the company
1992 - Moved to Kodaikanal, India to "calm down" and carry out treatment
2003 - Died from chronic brain disorders and strokes

Osborne I

Osborne 1 is a microcomputer that started the history of laptops. This device is the first mass-produced laptop. At launch, the price of this laptop reaches USD 1,795 or around 16 million rupiah. At that time, the price was quite expensive. So that not everyone can have it.

Even so, the Osborne 1 is one of the most revolutionary laptops of the era, especially because its size is portable and can be moved easily. This laptop is equipped with 2 floppy disk slots, a 5-inch screen, and also a keyboard that attaches directly to the monitor.

However, the Osborne 1 is not equipped with a battery that is embedded in it, so we still need electricity to turn it on. However, the device that started the history of this laptop has a spare battery that can last only a few minutes.

Kayproo II

For operating system problems, the Osborne 1 uses CP / M 2.2, which is one operating system (OS) that is quite capable in its time. Unfortunately, in addition to its portable form, this laptop does not have other advantages compared to its competitors. With memory that tends to be small, the Osborne 1 is not the fastest microcomputer of its time. Even so, this laptop turned out to be very in demand in the market. So, the history of this one laptop doesn't last long.

In the eight months since its launch in April 1981, the Osborne 1 has sold 11,000 units. In fact, in the golden era the Osborne 1 can sell up to 10,000 units per month. Very fantastic numbers! You could say, the company that started the history of this laptop successfully revolutionized the computer industry forever

Unfortunately, Osborne Computer Corporation cannot win consumers' hearts for a long time. In 1983, the Osborne 1 was owned by Kaypro II, a more practical laptop with a 9-inch screen. In 1983, IBM also issued a similar product, namely Compaq Portable.

Due to increasing competition, the popularity of the Osborne 1 finally declined and was swallowed by the times. The history of this laptop must stop.

Development of Laptops

• 1981 - Osborne 1

The world's first laptop weighing 10 kilograms and equipped with a 5-inch screen, keyboard, and 2 floppy disk slots. Designed by Osborne Computer Corporation.

In 1981, the first portable computer finally appeared. Computer maker Osborne Computer Corp, designed the Osborne 1. This portable computer has a diagonal 5 agonal screen, and has a carrying case bag.

This machine has two disk drives for floppy disks. The price is $ 1,795 including software and weighs around 10 kg.

Portbale computers that have an 8-bit CPU engine are then widely accepted and the number is increasing. The Osborne 1, which was released in 1981, uses zilog Z80 and weighs 10.7kg (wow, laptops used to be very heavy in the past) that doesn't even include batteries. The CRT screen is only 5 Inch or 13 cm, and uses a 5.26 inch single density floppy drive. In the same year the first portable laptop computer, the Epson HX 20, was announced. Epson has an LCD screen, rechargeable battery, and a calculator with a size of 1.6 kg.

• 1982 - Grid Compass

Originally developed specifically for executives, then used by American soldiers in the field and by NASA on space shuttle in the era of the 80s to 90s.

Grid Compass 1100

This portable computer is the first to use folds, namely using a clam-shell technique. Originally designed for NASA, and was available to general consumers in 1982.

Grid Compass 1100 weighs 5.5 kg, with 340KB of memory. The price is $ 8000 including software and maintenance agreements (a kind of guarantee).

But this machine did not last long on the market, because it was not compatible with IBM. (At that time a popular PC was IBM compatible).

• 1983 - Compaq Portable

Launched by IBM, which is the first laptop computer with a system that is 100% compatible with other software.

• 1984 - Gavilan SC

The first computer that was marketed as a "laptop" and was the first laptop equipped with a touchpad.

Gavilan

The third stage in 1983 Gavilan Computer produced a laptop computer that worked well as well as MS-DOS on an 8088 processor. Produced with 64K RAM, it can be upgraded to 128K. Weighing around 9 pounds, having a touchpad / mouse in front of the keyboard.

Historians argue that Gavilan is the laptop that most considers the original laptop. Launched in 1983 and sold in general as a revolutionary portable computer. Equipped with the latest Intel 8088 5MHz processor and a floppy disk drive, which makes Gavilan a direct hit.

In 1984 Apple introduced the Apple model IIc. The Apple IIc is a notebook - the size of a computer, but not an actual laptop. It has a 65C02 microprocessor, 128 kilobytes of memory and a 5.25-inch internal floppy drive, two serial ports, a mouse port, a modem card, an external power supply, and can be folded. The computer itself weighs 10 to 12 lb (5kg), but the monitor is slightly heavier. Apple IIc has a monochrome 9-inch monitor and optional LCD panel.

The combination of computers / LCD panels has made it a portable computer. The Apple IIc is marketed to homes and education, and has been successful for around five years. Other companies such as IBM, introduced other portable computers the following year. The first portable computer released commercially was the IBM PC, unlike the Apple IIc, convertible PCs were really a laptop computer. Like Computers Gavilan was introduced in 1986.

With features: Microprocessor 8088, 256 kilobytes Memory, Two 3.5-inch floppy drives (8.9 cm), An LCD screen, Parallel and printer serial ports, Space for internal modems and A basic software includes word processing, calendar calendar, address book, and calculator software. With a solid weight of 12 lbs (5.4 kg), this PC is sold in the range of $ 3500. Being the first portable computer with a clamshell design like a laptop now. The success of a PC that can be transformed into a catalyst for competitors like Compaq and Toshiba transforms this clamshell design into their own portable computer.

• 1984 - Commodore SX-64

A laptop the size of a suitcase, a portable version of the Commodore 64 home computer, which is known as the world's first laptop that has been equipped with a full-color screen.

• 1985 - Kaypro 2000

Kaypro 2000 is the laptop that is closest to the modern era laptops of the era.

Kaypro 2000 is the first commercial IBM-compatible laptop.

With an aluminum clad body, the design resembles that of a modern laptop. The laptop has a specification of only 5kg, uses an Intel 8088 / NEX V20 4.77MHz processor, 256KB up to 768KB RAM, a monochrome LCD screen 80 x 25 text and 640 x 200 graphics, and OS-MS-DOS OS 2.11.

• 1986 - IBM PC Convertible

Laptops issued by IBM and equipped with CGA-compatible LCDs and 2 floppy disk slots. Laptop weight ranges from 5 kilograms. The lightest laptop of its time.

In 1985, many technology observers wondered whether the concept of a laptop would last long. In a New York Times article, Erik Sandberg-Diment questioned "what happened to laptops?" After he saw a decline in the number of laptops used at the Comdex computer show from 1983 to 1985.

But in 1986, IBM introduced the IBM PC Convertible which was selling well in the market. At a price of $ 1995, this laptop is the first laptop to be successful on the market. As well as being the first IBM machine to use a disk drive for 3.5 ukuran size floppy disks.

It weighs 5.5 kg and has 256KB of memory. There are two disk drives, a screen using an LCD, a parallel port for the printer, and basic software.

IBM Convertable

Released in 1986 the IBM PC Conversion represented a change in laptop design on the European continent. It came with a 'sleep' (wake up) function just by pressing the computer's power button.

• 1987 - HP Vectra Portable CS

Released in 1987, which is equipped with a 20MB floppy disk, a 3.5-inch screen and a modern laptop-like keyboard (has separated the number and letter keys).

In 1987 Hewlett-Packard released the first portable computer, HP Vectra Portable CS. Having a dual 3.5 inch floppy disk, 20MB hard drive, and 640KB RAM, this laptop is unfortunately less marketable due to its heavy weight and large dimensions.

Compaq SLT / 286

October 1988, Compaq made its debut with SLT / 286. The first portable computer that uses a VGA screen (640 x 480 pixels).

It weighs 6.3 kg, with a 20MB hard drive, 12MHz processor. The keyboard can be removed from the body of the laptop. This is the first portable computer that is compact enough to carry in flight.

Apple PowerBook 500

In 1988, George Gerpheide found the touchpad based on capacitance. But this technology hasn't appeared on laptops until 1994. The Apple PowerBook 500 was the first time to use the touchpad. Apple called it the trackpad, which other vendors immediately followed.

The PowerBook 500 series consists of 4 models: 520, 520c, 540 and 540c. The basic specifications use a 25MHz processor, 4MB RAM (maximum 36MB), 9.5 layar screen. Up to 320MB HDD, the size is quite amazing for that period.

• 1989 - Apple Macintosh Portable

It is a portable computer from Apple, the successor to the Macintosh that failed on the market. This computer had positive comments because of its long battery life and bright screen.

Mac Portable

Portable Mac is a distant cousin from what is now called the MacBook. This portable mac is the company's first attempt to create portable, battery-powered devices. The Portable Mac interface design is much closer compared to the laptop that already exists.

The development of laptops that became the biggest revolutionary period of laptops occurred in the 1990s. This began with the emergence of minisport created by Zenith data systems, Miniport has a number of features such as 640 KB RAM, 1.44-inch floppy drive, 2400 baud modem and 20MB IC on the hard drive.

Macintosh with its macintosh portable. Although it weighs almost 8 kg, the design is very sturdy and strong with a 9.8-inch active matrix screen, 640 × 400 pixel resolution, and a trackball.

• 1991 - Apple Powerbook

Pioneer modern laptops, with laptops that resemble modern laptops. Equipped with trackball as a substitute for mouse and palm rest design.

Apple PowerBook 100

The next leap after Compaq SLT / 286 was the Apple PowerBook 100, which appeared in 1991. This laptop was made by Sony for Apple, and used a trackball instead of the mouse.

This laptop has palm-rest for comfort. Then palm-rest is a standard feature for all laptops.

The PowerBook 100 uses a 16MHz processor, 16 bit CPU and 2MB RAM (which can be expanded to 8MB). 20MB hard drive, passive-matrix 640x480 pixel screen, and a mono speaker. It weighs around 7 kg, and costs $ 2500.

• 1992 - IBM Thinkpad

IBM laptop that is equipped with a trackpoint that is located right in the middle of the keyboard and functions to replace the mouse. It has been equipped with 810MB of memory and 8MB of RAM.

IBM ThinkPad

In late 1992, IBM mimicked the design of a compact PowerBook by introducing the IBM ThinPad series. The most famous version is the ThinkPad 700C, which uses the Windows 3.1 operating system, and has a 120MB HDD.

The CPU uses an Intel 486SLC 25MHz processor. Active-matrix TFT screen 10.4 ″. For pointing, use a small red stick.

Since 1993, the 256-color screen has been a good choice for laptops at the time, for example the 165 powerbook.

Toshiba Portege T3400

One and a half years before the appearance of Windows 95, in early 1994, Toshiba came with its first laptop. There are two models in the Portege T3400 series, which are a monochrome screen for $ 2599, and an active-matrix color screen for $ 3900. Both use Windows 3.1

Toshiba advertises it as subnotebook, with a sleek look, and fashionable gray. The battery uses high-power lithium ion, called at that time as the latest mobile energy technology. T3400 can be turned on for 6 hours. The battery can be recharged for 3 hours until full when the engine is turned off, or for 8-10 hours if it is on.

The processor is used by Intel 486SX, with 4MB RAM (max 20MB), and 120MB HDD. This laptop also has a PCMCIA slot for extra memory. Weighing 1.8 kg.

Panasonic Toughbook CF-25

In 1996, when most computer makers led to leaner and faster models, Panasonic tried to make thick-layered laptops and break-resistance. The result is the Toughbook CF-25, the first model of the sturdy Panasonic Toughbook (which still continues today).

The CF-25 is designed to hold down from a height of 2 feet (about 60 cm or as high as a table) and is immune to dust and immune to moisture. The first model of the Toughbook uses an aluminum alloy casing.

The processor is an Intel Pentium I 166Mhz, with a maximum RAM of 96MB, and a 1GB HDD. This laptop is suitable for use in rough environments, such as the battlefield.

• 1999 - Apple iBook

Apple revolutionized the design of modern laptops by removing the iBook with a clamshell body.

Apple iBook G3

Apple iBook G3 is one of the innovative ideas of Steve Jobs. At the Macworld Expo in New York in 1999, Steve Jobs amazed everyone when he brought the iBook to the stage and used it to surf the Internet.

That's the first laptop that uses a wireless card. Jobs claimed the G3 was the second fastest portable computer in the world. The first fastest according to his claim is Apple PowerBook. Apple iBook G3 also comes with refreshing colors.

Sony PictureBook

Apple amazes the world with beautiful styles and wireless networking. But the iSight camera that is now on the MacBook, first appeared on a laptop with Windows 98. In 1999, Sony launched the VAIO C1 PictureBook for $ 2299.

This VAIO laptop weighs 1.4 kg. It's quite compact and has a bult-in camera that can record still images and video moves for up to 60 seconds. PictureBook is also the beginning of what is now (a decade later) known as a netbook. The thickness is only 1.45 ″, and does not use an external drive either floppy or CD-ROM.

• 2002 - Compaq TC1000

Is the first touchscreen laptop in the world. The keyboard of this laptop can be rotated and also removed.

It turns out that in 2002 a hybrid laptop was born like a tablet like today. It's called Compaq TC1000, besides being able to play the keyboard, the keyboard can also be released like a tablet. This laptop supports the stylus pen but it doesn't support touch using a finger. Unfortunately this hybrid laptop model is not a trend, so production was stopped in 2012 by Microsoft.

• 2003 - Brand laptops such as Dell, Lenovo, Toshiba, and others

More and more laptop manufacturers have sprung up, such as Dell, Lenovo and Toshiba. Each introduces their respective laptop series

iBook

This iBook may be the design inspiration of the Apple.ibook logo represents a major change in the approach to the price of laptops. ibook is a laptop at an affordable price for consumers and sold in large quantities. not until 2006 iBook was replaced with a Macbook. 'The original' clamshell design is clad in several colors such as yellow green, orange, black with dominant colors like white and many colors that Apple has launched until now.

Alienware M11x

Alienware M11x is a big leap for portable laptop power. Offering truly cutting edge hardware, M11x proves that desktops are no longer needed for intensive computing tasks.

Acer Iconia

Acer iconia is a dual screen laptop that combines two 14-inch screens. The other screen can be used as a traditional keyboard. And it can also be used to edit photos when the main screen is done to surf the web.

OLPC XO (one laptop per child)

The Asus Eee PC is widely known as a netbook innovation in late 2007. But, in 2005, long before the Asus Eee appeared, Nicholas Negroponte had introduced the $ 100 laptop concept at the World Economic Forum (a Swiss non-profit foundation) in Davoz, Switzerland.

Negroponte dreams are gradually becoming OLPC XO (one laptop per child) with Internet access capabilities that are sold for $ 200. When OLPC offered an XO with a give-one / get-one scheme at the end of 2007, the enthusiasm for this computer skyrocketed.

Intel and Microsoft are quickly following the XO line, super-cheap and super-portable. Then suddenly netbooks became a segment that grew very fast in the computer market.

• 2008 - Macbook Air

Apple introduced the world's thinnest laptop, the Macbook Air. This device has a minimalist body and a long-lasting battery.

Apple MacBook Air

Beginning in 2008, Apple launched Apple MacBook Air. Previously, in 2004 the Sony VAIO X505 was an impressive laptop with thinness and lightness. But the MacBook Air comes with the idea of "how thin a computer is". With the new Intel chip and non-removable battery, but without an optical drive, Air became a star in Macworld 2008. laptops started to become much faster, with large HDD sizes and better graphics capabilities. In the third quarter of 2008, for the first time in the history of laptop sales exceeded desktop sales.

• 2012 - Microsoft Surface

Microsoft issued a hybrid laptop that has touch-friendly, namely Surface.

TechCrunch CrunchPad

Microsoft Surface is the beginning of super modern laptops where tablets can be laptops with detachable keyboards. With a thin and light design, this laptop has a very cool design. In addition to Microsoft, many manufacturers now compete to launch this type of laptop, of course, with classy specs.

Web tablets are likely to become the next evolutionary stage in the world of portable computers. This kind of tablet is not too developed, but at least there are real products, such as CrunchPad made by TechCrunch. This tool is a Web tablet with OS Linux (custom built), and uses the Intel Atom chipset. Have two USB ports, a webcam and a mic.

• 2015 - Microsoft Surface Book

The Microsoft Surface Book series is the successor to the enhanced Microsoft Surface, with specs that are more qualified for hard work. This laptop can also be removed from the keyboard to be like a tablet PC.

• This time

The 2-in-1 hybrid laptop continues to emerge and continues to evolve for better performance.

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