MOTORCYCLE TECHNOLOGY:
HISTORY, DEVELOPMENT AND ITS TYPE
The first motorcycle in the world.
Motorbikes are the development of
conventional bicycles that were first discovered. In 1868, Michaux ex Cie, the
first company in the world to produce bicycles on a large scale, began
developing a steam engine as a bicycle driving force. However, the effort was
still unsuccessful and then continued by Edward Butler, a British inventor.
Butler made three-wheeled vehicles with a motor through internal combustion.
Since the discovery, more and more experiments have been carried out to make
motorcycles and cars. One of them was carried out by Gottlieb Daimler and
Wilhelm Maybach from Germany.
The two inventors met when working together
at Deutz-AG-Gasmotorenfabrik, the largest stationary engine manufacturer in
1872. The owner of Deutz-AG-Gasmotorenfabrik named Nikolaus Otto managed to
make a four-step engine or four-stroke engine and the invention was patented in
1877. Although the four-stroke engine is still too simple and inefficient, the
engine is expected to replace the steam engine. In 1880, Daimler and Maybach
were fired from the company and both set up a workshop in Suttgart.
HISTORY
The first motorcycle was made by German
mechanic Gottlieb Daimler in 1885 when he installed a machine with perfect
combustion on a wooden bicycle that he designed himself. The bike has four
wheels, including two additional wheels (such as wheels on children's bikes).
Daimler's son became the first person to
ride a motorcycle when he tried his father's creations on November 10, 1885 at
a speed of close to 10Kpj.
Reitwagen (riding car)
Daimler and Maybach created a carburetor to
mix gasoline and air so that it could be used as a fuel for four engines not
created by Otto. They developed the four-stroke engine into a 100 cc cylinder
and put the engine on a wooden bicycle. The motorized wooden bicycle is called
Reitwagen ("riding car") and became the first motorcycle in the
world.
In 1885, Daimler installed a small four-step
engine on a wooden bicycle. The machine is placed in the middle (between the
front and rear wheels) and is connected by a chain to the rear wheel.
Reitwagen (riding car)
The motorized wooden bicycle is named
Reitwagen (riding car) and is the first motorcycle in the world. Maybach tried
Reitwagen 3 kilometers along the Neckar River, from Cannstatt to Untertürkheim,
at a speed of 12 kilometers per hour. At that time, Reitwagen was not sold to
the public. The installation of the engine on a wooden bicycle is a series of
experiments conducted by Daimler and Maybach, before installing a four-step
engine on a horse carriage, which became the forerunner to the birth of the
car.
In 1893, the first motorcycle sold to the
public was made by a motorcycle manufacturer Hildebrand und Wolfmüller in
Munich, Germany. This motorcycle does not use chains. The rear wheels are
driven directly by the crankshaft. This motorcycle is owned by John C Potter, the
first engineer of the sugar factory Oemboel, Probolinggo, East Java, in 1893.
He ordered the motorbike himself directly to his factory in Munich. John Potter
was listed as the first person to own a motorcycle in Indonesia, which at the
time was still under Dutch occupation, and named the Dutch East Indies
(Nederlands Indie).
Motorbikes
first entered the United States in 1895 when a French circus player took him to
New York. Mentioned, in the same year, an American inventor, EJ Pennington, in
Milwaukee, demonstrated a motorbike designed by himself. Pennington said that
the motorbike he designed could be driven at a speed of 93 kilometers per hour,
and he was considered the first person to introduce the term motorcycle.
In 1895, the British bicycle maker, Triumph,
decided to also make motorbikes. For this reason, Triumph bought a Hildebrand
und Wolfmüller motorcycle and learned how to make it. Four years later, 1902,
the company produced its first motorcycle, which used a Belgian-made Minerva
engine.
DEVELOPMENT
1902 - Triumph
The Triumph brand has long been known as a
British motorcycle. Since it was first produced in 1902, then this motorbike
even circulated and was famous throughout the world to get to Indonesia.
Triumph motorcycle from England
In 1905, Triumph produced the motorbike as a
whole, which carried a 3 PK engine and a maximum speed of 72 kilometers per
hour. Several motorcycle models were introduced in Germany, France and the
United Kingdom with a focus on developing their practicality as a means of
transportation. A year later they began producing motorbikes for sale. Triumph
manufactures motorbikes as a whole, which has a 3 PK engine and a maximum speed
of 72 kilometers per hour. Several motorcycle models were introduced in Germany,
France and the United Kingdom with a focus on developing their practicality as
a means of transportation.
Just like Triumph, in 1906, another British
company, BSA, which stands for Birmingham Small Arms, produces motorbikes using
the Minerva engine, before making a machine with a capacity of 350 cc, 500 cc,
and 595 cc itself.
1903 -
Harley-Davidson
In 1903, Arthur Davidson and his brother
Walter and their neighbor William Harley made the first Harley-Davidson
motorbike.
Harley Davidson
An engineer named William Sylvester Harley
who graduated from the University of Wisconsin and Arthur Davidson are two best
friends who have had a profound influence on the Harley motorbike, because they
are phenomenal motorcycle designers throughout history.
The beginning of the formation of HD
motorcycles (Harley Davidson) began in 1901. Where at that time Harley and
Davidson at that time were 21 and 20 years old. The idea of making
engine-powered bicycles was sparked when Harley worked as a photographer and
Davidson as a pattern designer at a bicycle factory in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
In 1903 Harley and Davidson built a
motorbike workshop named "Harley Davidson Motor Co.". From this
workshop a single-cylinder motorbike with the power of black-colored 3DK was
created and named HD DeDion.
Because it is obsolete too fast, the new
Davidson framework is then designed. In 1904 the trend of motorcycles with
gasoline fuel began to be introduced by Davidson and the results were very
astonishing, the public was so interested even today. They also created two
motors. The first V-Twin was using a two-cylinder engine with a letter
configuration ‘V’ created in 1909. This innovation, recorded the most
phenomenal in the history of HD development. With a thundering voice, it really
gives a macho impression!
In 1909 Harley-Davidson introduced the first
V-Twin engine, which had two cylinders with a configuration like the letter
"V". The engine has a large, thunderous sound and looks manly, soon
it became a classic American engine.
During 1914, the basic forms of modern
motorbikes began to take shape. This form includes laying the engine between
the front and rear wheels and a chain to transmit power from the engine to the
rear wheels. During World War I (1914-1918), motorbikes proved to be a
formidable means of transportation for the American and European military,
capable of reducing the burden of the road and being able to carry
communication devices far ahead of the battle line. After the war, the use of
motorcycles spread widely to Europe and America.
After World War I, his position was taken
over by Harley Davidson until 1928, when his position was taken over by DKW
(Germany). Indian Motorcycle Manufacturing Company closed in 1953 and the
Indian brand was taken over by Royal Enfield. In 1921, a BMW motorbike came
with a horizontal two-cylinder (boxer) 2-cylinder configuration placed in a
single engine house made of aluminum. BMW moves the rear wheels with a koppel
(shaft drive). In the 1930s there were around 80 motorcycle brands in the
United Kingdom, including Norton, Triumph, AJS, and other less well-known
brands, such as New Gerrard, NUT, SOS, Chell, and Whitwood.
The development of motorbikes in Europe,
among others, was also triggered by World War II (1939-1945), where motorcycles
were also made for military purposes. And, at that time, BSA made 126,000 M20
motorbikes for the British Armed Forces.
1945 - Vespa
Vespa motorbike
The Vespa motorbike is an Italian motorbike,
the first Vespa known as the Vespa 98cc. Vespas are also often called iron
bees. The assembled motorbike from Italy turned out to be just beginning to be
produced at the end of the second world war. At that time the economic system
in Italy was indeed in a downturn (crisis). Then an Italian man, Enrico
Piaggio, took over a company owned by his father Rinaldi Paggio. His father's
company initially produced equipment such as ships, trains and then switched to
airplanes.
Then because of the economic crisis that
hit, finally Enrico Piaggio turned around to design cheap transportation
equipment. Inspired by aircraft technology, with an aluminum body like an
airplane and adapted from the wheels of the aircraft, assisted by Corradino
D'Ascanio Enrico, the construction of a mono shock suspension makes it easy to
transport 150 cc during tire replacement. In 1945 Vespa was first created.
While the name itself is taken from the word ‘west’ which means sting or ata
bee. Therefore, the motorcycle made by Enrico Piaggio is called the iron bee.
After World War II, in 1946, Italian
designer Piaggio introduced the Vespa scooter and immediately attracted the
attention of the world. Also in 1946, the Italian radio equipment manufacturer
Ducati made a 50 cc engine, Cucciolo, which was attached to a motorcycle.
Cucciolo's capacity is then multiplied, starting from 60, 65, 98, to 125 cc.
1946 - Honda
Honda
After Vespa was introduced throughout the
world and used by many people, then a Japanese citizen named Soichiro Honda. He
was born on November 17, 1906 in Hamamatsu, Shizuoko, Japan. Now all you have
to know about the Hodan motorbike that you often use is having an unnamed
industrialist or dropping out of college.
Although it's been as successful as it is
now, it doesn't mean that it has never failed. Previously he also worked at the
Hart Shokai company workshop in 1922 when he was 15 years old. Armed with
helpful experience in his father's business as a bicycle repair, the young
Honda was so deft and accomplished in his new workplace workshop.
He also became the initiator of metal wheels
in cars that were originally made of wood. And in 1937 Honda patented the
karyaya and even exported all over the world. And this is where Honda began
opening its own heavy industry called Tokai Seiki Heavy Industry.
The workshop makes a piston ring tool. But
because it did not meet the standard, the device was rejected by Toyota. But
Honda never gave up on failure that happened to him. He got up and started
college again to get knowledge in improving the creation of his device.
From his persistence in re-learning can make
a development in the knowledge he has, Toyota also accepts the device. But
again, trial after trial came and one of them was the earthquake and the
bombing of Hiroshima that caused his factory to be destroyed.
In 1949, Honda produced the Dream motorcycle
or Model D, which carried a two-step engine with a capacity of 98 cc. However,
the sound of a two-step engine that was noisy and sharply smelling smoke coming
out of the exhaust made Honda develop a four-step engine. Three years later,
1951, Honda produced a motorbike carrying a four-step engine, Dream E, with a
capacity of 146 cc.
By the 1950s, most motorbikes in North
America were manufactured by Harley-Davidson or by British companies such as
Birmingham Small Arms Company (BSA), Norton, and Triumph.
In 1951, the BSA Group (UK) bought Triumph
Motorcycles and became the largest motorcycle manufacturer in the world. The
position of BSA was taken over by NSU (Germany) in 1955. However, since the
1970s until now, Honda has been listed as the largest motorcycle manufacturer
in the world.
In 1952, Honda produced a motorcycle which
was known as the cub. This type of duck motorcycle is very popular so the model
was copied by other Japanese motorcycle manufacturers, such as Kawasaki, Yamaha
and Suzuki.
1952 - Suzuki
Suzuki motorbike
Suzuki motorbike maker is Michio Suzuki, a
doctor from Illions USA. His career began as a loom-making businessman who went
bankrupt during World War II and switched to a motorbike.
The first motor he created was Power free,
the motor was supported by a machine that allowed the driver to contact. 35 cc
capacity, single cylinder, 2 stroke with 2 sprocket system. After that, his
other motorbike was reborn, namely Diamond free with a 60 cc engine and in 1954
Colleda a 90 cc engine with a single cylinder and 4 stroke capable of producing
6000 units in a month.
Suzuki Motor Co. family type Ltd. include
Colleda 125 cc 4 stroke, Colleda ST 125 cc, T500 in 1967, GT500 1977, GS750,
GT750, GS 1000 in 1978, GSX 1000 1980, GSX 1100 katana in 1982, GSX R750, GSX
R1100, GSX 1300R. Suzuki is also increasingly popular because with its powerful
engine, modern style and not too expensive prices. And Suzuki became the first
motorcycle to use the electric starter system on the Colleda motorbike long before
it was used by other motorbike competitors.
1954
- Kawasaki
Kawasaki
This one motorbike already has a big name
right now. In Indonesia alone, the type of motor sport and trail from Kawasaki
has a fairly rapid development. And behind that all is not separated from the
one who has it, he is Shozo Kawasaki.
Kawasaki itself was originally a factory
engaged in ships, ship assembly, locomotives, aircraft, motorcycles, missiles,
submarines, super tankers. But in World War II it turned into a steelmaking
site under the auspices of Kawasaki Steel Corp. In 1949, because of its
cooperation with BMW in the field of aircraft, the first beginning of Kawasaki
produced two-wheeled motorcycles by adopting German BMW technology. And for the
first time a motor with a power of 2 stroke 60 cc was born, then 4 strokes of
150 cc and 250 cc. Please note, Kawasaki is considered as "king of Four
Strokes" by Honda, Yamaha and Suzuki. Some types of output from Kawasaki
are Z97 (500 cc rocker-valve, 250 cc, 350 cc), single cylinder and twin
cylinder 650 cc and 500 cc, W1650 1966 with power 47 HP at 6500 RPM, W1SS with
exhaust muffler in 1967, W3 as a refinement of W2SS which adopted dual disc
front brake in 1973, W in 1974, A1 250 cc and A7 350 cc. And in terms of
marketing in Indonesia, it is the sport motorcycles that have the most fans.
1955 - Yamaha
Yamaha
Following in the footsteps of Honda. This
one motorbike maker also comes from Japan. He was Torakusu Yamaha born of a
samurai family in Nagasaki on April 20, 1851. He underwent his career as an
interior instrument. Then he created his creation under the company of Yamaha
Fukin Manufacturing which made him famous with his logo Three Fork Tala and
crowned him to the corners of the world as the creator of the first organ in
Japan.
Then in 1955 he founded a musical instrument
factory Nippon Gakki in Hamamatsu. This factory also makes motorbikes as an
application of science which he initially acquired when producing aircraft
propellers before World War Two. The first motor he created was Atakombo ataw
YA1 aka Red Dragon Fly or red dragonfly. Single cylinder 2 stroke, measuring
125 cc.
From there he continued to create a variety
of motors, as in 1957 Yamaha created the Twin Cylinder YDI 175 cc. From there
he was able to win the Mount Asama Race in Japan with a production of 15,811
units. Arrived in 1959, where he released the first YDSI sports motorbike, with
5 speed gearboxes.
In 1955, Suzuki produced motorbikes bearing
a 125cc, four-step and 1-cylinder capacity engine. However, 10 years later,
Suzuki also ventured into a two-step engine, which is his specialty.
The 1960s and 1970s, Japanese companies such
as Honda, Kawasaki, Suzuki, and Yamaha, began introducing motorcycles with the
development of engines and suspensions and they were able to compete with the
motorcycle manufacturers that had already been there. Later, motorcycles with 4
to 750 cc 4-stroke engines with high production will dominate the highway
motorcycle market, while 2-step engines with 250 to 500 cc will dominate the
off-road motorcycle market.
Nevertheless, elsewhere the names of the
Harley Davidson are still popular motorbikes, especially in the United States.
Likewise with BMW, Triumph and Ducati. In 2006, the Dutch company, EVA Products
BV Holland, announced the presence of the first commercial diesel-engined
motorcycle, Track T-800CDI. The motorcycle bears an 800 cc, 3 cylinder diesel
engine, made by Daimler.
Types of Motorbikes
Sport
Vyrus RVC 2V08 with a Steering Hub
This type of sport is a type of motorcycle
that is devoted to the use of racing and high speed. Drivers who drive this
type of sport motorbike are relatively bent forward and the position of the
foot slightly backwards, this position is used on a motorcycle like this so
that the wind pressure from the opposite direction does not hit the rider's
body that makes this motorcycle can travel at high speed . Motorcycle body like
this also has a close distance to the ground which causes this motorbike to be
low, this is due to adding aerodynamic elements to the motorcycle at high
speeds on the circuit. Examples of this type of motorcycle are: Honda CBR 250,
Honda CBR 150, Kawasaki Ninja, etc.
Standard
/ Naked
2014 Honda MegaPro is an example for
"standard" or "naked" types
This type is a type of motorcycle with
clutches and has a high body distance from the ground, this type of motorbike
is a motorbike that is not used for racing events / high speed but the body
design and engine performance are more powerful and strong. This type of motorcycle
is used in daily necessities and can be driven on rocky / gravel terrain but
not fully off-road. Examples of this type of motorcycle are: Honda Tiger,
MegaPro Honda, Honda Verza 150, Bajaj XCD, Suzuki Thunder, Yamaha SZ-X, Honda
CB Trigger, Honda Win, etc.
Cruiser
Examples of "Cruiser" type motorbikes
The type of cruiser is a type of motorcycle
that has a large engine torque and has the ability to attract large loads.
Usually this type of motor is identical to a 2 cylinder engine, a relaxed and
Chopper style riding position. The position of the rider's hand is higher than
the sitting position and the position of the foot that is stretched forward.
Examples of these motorbikes are the products of Harley Davidson manufacturers
and Bajaj Avenger.
Trail / Off-Road
The type of trail is a type of motorbike that
is devoted to bulldozing heavy terrain. For example rocky and muddy terrain.
This type of motorcycle has a characteristic contour of rough tires, resembling
a jagged / jagged box. This type of motor has large torque and hardiness. Body
distance from the ground is relatively high. This type of motorcycle does not
pursue top speed, but acceleration. This type of motorcycle has more types of
suspension than other motors because of its use in heavy terrain. Examples of
this type of motorcycle are: Suzuki DR Z400S dual sport 400 cc, KLX Kawasaki
150, Honda CRF450X, and others.
"Duck"
This type is a type of manual motorbike
without a clutch that has a small Cylinder Capacity (CC). This type of
motorcycle is a patterned body model from the driver's seat down then up to the
steering handlebar. The position of the rider for this motorcycle is upright.
Examples of this type of motorcycle are: Honda Supra X 125, Honda Revo, Honda
Blade, Honda Astrea, Yamaha Jupiter, Honda Sonic 150R etc.
Automatic Scooter
This automatic scooter type is a type of
automatic motorbike that does not use manual gear operand and is only enough
with one acceleration, this motorbike has a small cylinder (CC) capacity and
upright driver position, the size of this motorcycle is smaller and lighter
than the duck type. This motorbike has an empty space between the steering
wheel and the driver which allows for the foot to be placed in that place. This
motorcycle is very suitable for women and this is used for purposes in the city
/ region. This type of motorcycle has a fairly small tire and wheel size
dimension. Examples of this type of motorcycle are: Honda Beat, Honda Vario,
Honda Scoopy, Honda Spacy Helmets, Vespa Piaggio, Yamaha Mio, etc.
Reference:
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