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Kamis, 17 Januari 2019

MOTORCYCLE TECHNOLOGY: HISTORY, DEVELOPMENT AND ITS TYPE (English Version)


MOTORCYCLE TECHNOLOGY: HISTORY, DEVELOPMENT AND ITS TYPE



The first motorcycle in the world.

Motorbikes are the development of conventional bicycles that were first discovered. In 1868, Michaux ex Cie, the first company in the world to produce bicycles on a large scale, began developing a steam engine as a bicycle driving force. However, the effort was still unsuccessful and then continued by Edward Butler, a British inventor. Butler made three-wheeled vehicles with a motor through internal combustion. Since the discovery, more and more experiments have been carried out to make motorcycles and cars. One of them was carried out by Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach from Germany.

The two inventors met when working together at Deutz-AG-Gasmotorenfabrik, the largest stationary engine manufacturer in 1872. The owner of Deutz-AG-Gasmotorenfabrik named Nikolaus Otto managed to make a four-step engine or four-stroke engine and the invention was patented in 1877. Although the four-stroke engine is still too simple and inefficient, the engine is expected to replace the steam engine. In 1880, Daimler and Maybach were fired from the company and both set up a workshop in Suttgart.

HISTORY
The first motorcycle was made by German mechanic Gottlieb Daimler in 1885 when he installed a machine with perfect combustion on a wooden bicycle that he designed himself. The bike has four wheels, including two additional wheels (such as wheels on children's bikes).

Daimler's son became the first person to ride a motorcycle when he tried his father's creations on November 10, 1885 at a speed of close to 10Kpj.



Reitwagen (riding car)

Daimler and Maybach created a carburetor to mix gasoline and air so that it could be used as a fuel for four engines not created by Otto. They developed the four-stroke engine into a 100 cc cylinder and put the engine on a wooden bicycle. The motorized wooden bicycle is called Reitwagen ("riding car") and became the first motorcycle in the world.

In 1885, Daimler installed a small four-step engine on a wooden bicycle. The machine is placed in the middle (between the front and rear wheels) and is connected by a chain to the rear wheel.

Reitwagen (riding car)

The motorized wooden bicycle is named Reitwagen (riding car) and is the first motorcycle in the world. Maybach tried Reitwagen 3 kilometers along the Neckar River, from Cannstatt to Untertürkheim, at a speed of 12 kilometers per hour. At that time, Reitwagen was not sold to the public. The installation of the engine on a wooden bicycle is a series of experiments conducted by Daimler and Maybach, before installing a four-step engine on a horse carriage, which became the forerunner to the birth of the car.

In 1893, the first motorcycle sold to the public was made by a motorcycle manufacturer Hildebrand und Wolfmüller in Munich, Germany. This motorcycle does not use chains. The rear wheels are driven directly by the crankshaft. This motorcycle is owned by John C Potter, the first engineer of the sugar factory Oemboel, Probolinggo, East Java, in 1893. He ordered the motorbike himself directly to his factory in Munich. John Potter was listed as the first person to own a motorcycle in Indonesia, which at the time was still under Dutch occupation, and named the Dutch East Indies (Nederlands Indie).

Motorbikes first entered the United States in 1895 when a French circus player took him to New York. Mentioned, in the same year, an American inventor, EJ Pennington, in Milwaukee, demonstrated a motorbike designed by himself. Pennington said that the motorbike he designed could be driven at a speed of 93 kilometers per hour, and he was considered the first person to introduce the term motorcycle.

In 1895, the British bicycle maker, Triumph, decided to also make motorbikes. For this reason, Triumph bought a Hildebrand und Wolfmüller motorcycle and learned how to make it. Four years later, 1902, the company produced its first motorcycle, which used a Belgian-made Minerva engine.

DEVELOPMENT
1902 - Triumph
The Triumph brand has long been known as a British motorcycle. Since it was first produced in 1902, then this motorbike even circulated and was famous throughout the world to get to Indonesia.


Triumph motorcycle from England

In 1905, Triumph produced the motorbike as a whole, which carried a 3 PK engine and a maximum speed of 72 kilometers per hour. Several motorcycle models were introduced in Germany, France and the United Kingdom with a focus on developing their practicality as a means of transportation. A year later they began producing motorbikes for sale. Triumph manufactures motorbikes as a whole, which has a 3 PK engine and a maximum speed of 72 kilometers per hour. Several motorcycle models were introduced in Germany, France and the United Kingdom with a focus on developing their practicality as a means of transportation.

Just like Triumph, in 1906, another British company, BSA, which stands for Birmingham Small Arms, produces motorbikes using the Minerva engine, before making a machine with a capacity of 350 cc, 500 cc, and 595 cc itself.

1903 - Harley-Davidson
In 1903, Arthur Davidson and his brother Walter and their neighbor William Harley made the first Harley-Davidson motorbike.

Harley Davidson

An engineer named William Sylvester Harley who graduated from the University of Wisconsin and Arthur Davidson are two best friends who have had a profound influence on the Harley motorbike, because they are phenomenal motorcycle designers throughout history.

The beginning of the formation of HD motorcycles (Harley Davidson) began in 1901. Where at that time Harley and Davidson at that time were 21 and 20 years old. The idea of making engine-powered bicycles was sparked when Harley worked as a photographer and Davidson as a pattern designer at a bicycle factory in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

In 1903 Harley and Davidson built a motorbike workshop named "Harley Davidson Motor Co.". From this workshop a single-cylinder motorbike with the power of black-colored 3DK was created and named HD DeDion.

Because it is obsolete too fast, the new Davidson framework is then designed. In 1904 the trend of motorcycles with gasoline fuel began to be introduced by Davidson and the results were very astonishing, the public was so interested even today. They also created two motors. The first V-Twin was using a two-cylinder engine with a letter configuration ‘V’ created in 1909. This innovation, recorded the most phenomenal in the history of HD development. With a thundering voice, it really gives a macho impression!

In 1909 Harley-Davidson introduced the first V-Twin engine, which had two cylinders with a configuration like the letter "V". The engine has a large, thunderous sound and looks manly, soon it became a classic American engine.

During 1914, the basic forms of modern motorbikes began to take shape. This form includes laying the engine between the front and rear wheels and a chain to transmit power from the engine to the rear wheels. During World War I (1914-1918), motorbikes proved to be a formidable means of transportation for the American and European military, capable of reducing the burden of the road and being able to carry communication devices far ahead of the battle line. After the war, the use of motorcycles spread widely to Europe and America.

After World War I, his position was taken over by Harley Davidson until 1928, when his position was taken over by DKW (Germany). Indian Motorcycle Manufacturing Company closed in 1953 and the Indian brand was taken over by Royal Enfield. In 1921, a BMW motorbike came with a horizontal two-cylinder (boxer) 2-cylinder configuration placed in a single engine house made of aluminum. BMW moves the rear wheels with a koppel (shaft drive). In the 1930s there were around 80 motorcycle brands in the United Kingdom, including Norton, Triumph, AJS, and other less well-known brands, such as New Gerrard, NUT, SOS, Chell, and Whitwood.

The development of motorbikes in Europe, among others, was also triggered by World War II (1939-1945), where motorcycles were also made for military purposes. And, at that time, BSA made 126,000 M20 motorbikes for the British Armed Forces.

1945 - Vespa

Vespa motorbike

The Vespa motorbike is an Italian motorbike, the first Vespa known as the Vespa 98cc. Vespas are also often called iron bees. The assembled motorbike from Italy turned out to be just beginning to be produced at the end of the second world war. At that time the economic system in Italy was indeed in a downturn (crisis). Then an Italian man, Enrico Piaggio, took over a company owned by his father Rinaldi Paggio. His father's company initially produced equipment such as ships, trains and then switched to airplanes.

Then because of the economic crisis that hit, finally Enrico Piaggio turned around to design cheap transportation equipment. Inspired by aircraft technology, with an aluminum body like an airplane and adapted from the wheels of the aircraft, assisted by Corradino D'Ascanio Enrico, the construction of a mono shock suspension makes it easy to transport 150 cc during tire replacement. In 1945 Vespa was first created. While the name itself is taken from the word ‘west’ which means sting or ata bee. Therefore, the motorcycle made by Enrico Piaggio is called the iron bee.

After World War II, in 1946, Italian designer Piaggio introduced the Vespa scooter and immediately attracted the attention of the world. Also in 1946, the Italian radio equipment manufacturer Ducati made a 50 cc engine, Cucciolo, which was attached to a motorcycle. Cucciolo's capacity is then multiplied, starting from 60, 65, 98, to 125 cc.

1946 - Honda

Honda

After Vespa was introduced throughout the world and used by many people, then a Japanese citizen named Soichiro Honda. He was born on November 17, 1906 in Hamamatsu, Shizuoko, Japan. Now all you have to know about the Hodan motorbike that you often use is having an unnamed industrialist or dropping out of college.

Although it's been as successful as it is now, it doesn't mean that it has never failed. Previously he also worked at the Hart Shokai company workshop in 1922 when he was 15 years old. Armed with helpful experience in his father's business as a bicycle repair, the young Honda was so deft and accomplished in his new workplace workshop.

He also became the initiator of metal wheels in cars that were originally made of wood. And in 1937 Honda patented the karyaya and even exported all over the world. And this is where Honda began opening its own heavy industry called Tokai Seiki Heavy Industry.

The workshop makes a piston ring tool. But because it did not meet the standard, the device was rejected by Toyota. But Honda never gave up on failure that happened to him. He got up and started college again to get knowledge in improving the creation of his device.

From his persistence in re-learning can make a development in the knowledge he has, Toyota also accepts the device. But again, trial after trial came and one of them was the earthquake and the bombing of Hiroshima that caused his factory to be destroyed.

In 1949, Honda produced the Dream motorcycle or Model D, which carried a two-step engine with a capacity of 98 cc. However, the sound of a two-step engine that was noisy and sharply smelling smoke coming out of the exhaust made Honda develop a four-step engine. Three years later, 1951, Honda produced a motorbike carrying a four-step engine, Dream E, with a capacity of 146 cc.

By the 1950s, most motorbikes in North America were manufactured by Harley-Davidson or by British companies such as Birmingham Small Arms Company (BSA), Norton, and Triumph.

In 1951, the BSA Group (UK) bought Triumph Motorcycles and became the largest motorcycle manufacturer in the world. The position of BSA was taken over by NSU (Germany) in 1955. However, since the 1970s until now, Honda has been listed as the largest motorcycle manufacturer in the world.

In 1952, Honda produced a motorcycle which was known as the cub. This type of duck motorcycle is very popular so the model was copied by other Japanese motorcycle manufacturers, such as Kawasaki, Yamaha and Suzuki.

1952 - Suzuki

Suzuki motorbike

Suzuki motorbike maker is Michio Suzuki, a doctor from Illions USA. His career began as a loom-making businessman who went bankrupt during World War II and switched to a motorbike.

The first motor he created was Power free, the motor was supported by a machine that allowed the driver to contact. 35 cc capacity, single cylinder, 2 stroke with 2 sprocket system. After that, his other motorbike was reborn, namely Diamond free with a 60 cc engine and in 1954 Colleda a 90 cc engine with a single cylinder and 4 stroke capable of producing 6000 units in a month.
         
Suzuki Motor Co. family type Ltd. include Colleda 125 cc 4 stroke, Colleda ST 125 cc, T500 in 1967, GT500 1977, GS750, GT750, GS 1000 in 1978, GSX 1000 1980, GSX 1100 katana in 1982, GSX R750, GSX R1100, GSX 1300R. Suzuki is also increasingly popular because with its powerful engine, modern style and not too expensive prices. And Suzuki became the first motorcycle to use the electric starter system on the Colleda motorbike long before it was used by other motorbike competitors.
1954 - Kawasaki

Kawasaki

This one motorbike already has a big name right now. In Indonesia alone, the type of motor sport and trail from Kawasaki has a fairly rapid development. And behind that all is not separated from the one who has it, he is Shozo Kawasaki.

Kawasaki itself was originally a factory engaged in ships, ship assembly, locomotives, aircraft, motorcycles, missiles, submarines, super tankers. But in World War II it turned into a steelmaking site under the auspices of Kawasaki Steel Corp. In 1949, because of its cooperation with BMW in the field of aircraft, the first beginning of Kawasaki produced two-wheeled motorcycles by adopting German BMW technology. And for the first time a motor with a power of 2 stroke 60 cc was born, then 4 strokes of 150 cc and 250 cc. Please note, Kawasaki is considered as "king of Four Strokes" by Honda, Yamaha and Suzuki. Some types of output from Kawasaki are Z97 (500 cc rocker-valve, 250 cc, 350 cc), single cylinder and twin cylinder 650 cc and 500 cc, W1650 1966 with power 47 HP at 6500 RPM, W1SS with exhaust muffler in 1967, W3 as a refinement of W2SS which adopted dual disc front brake in 1973, W in 1974, A1 250 cc and A7 350 cc. And in terms of marketing in Indonesia, it is the sport motorcycles that have the most fans.

1955 - Yamaha

Yamaha

Following in the footsteps of Honda. This one motorbike maker also comes from Japan. He was Torakusu Yamaha born of a samurai family in Nagasaki on April 20, 1851. He underwent his career as an interior instrument. Then he created his creation under the company of Yamaha Fukin Manufacturing which made him famous with his logo Three Fork Tala and crowned him to the corners of the world as the creator of the first organ in Japan.

Then in 1955 he founded a musical instrument factory Nippon Gakki in Hamamatsu. This factory also makes motorbikes as an application of science which he initially acquired when producing aircraft propellers before World War Two. The first motor he created was Atakombo ataw YA1 aka Red Dragon Fly or red dragonfly. Single cylinder 2 stroke, measuring 125 cc.

From there he continued to create a variety of motors, as in 1957 Yamaha created the Twin Cylinder YDI 175 cc. From there he was able to win the Mount Asama Race in Japan with a production of 15,811 units. Arrived in 1959, where he released the first YDSI sports motorbike, with 5 speed gearboxes.

In 1955, Suzuki produced motorbikes bearing a 125cc, four-step and 1-cylinder capacity engine. However, 10 years later, Suzuki also ventured into a two-step engine, which is his specialty.

The 1960s and 1970s, Japanese companies such as Honda, Kawasaki, Suzuki, and Yamaha, began introducing motorcycles with the development of engines and suspensions and they were able to compete with the motorcycle manufacturers that had already been there. Later, motorcycles with 4 to 750 cc 4-stroke engines with high production will dominate the highway motorcycle market, while 2-step engines with 250 to 500 cc will dominate the off-road motorcycle market.

Nevertheless, elsewhere the names of the Harley Davidson are still popular motorbikes, especially in the United States. Likewise with BMW, Triumph and Ducati. In 2006, the Dutch company, EVA Products BV Holland, announced the presence of the first commercial diesel-engined motorcycle, Track T-800CDI. The motorcycle bears an 800 cc, 3 cylinder diesel engine, made by Daimler.

Types of Motorbikes
Sport

Vyrus RVC 2V08 with a Steering Hub

This type of sport is a type of motorcycle that is devoted to the use of racing and high speed. Drivers who drive this type of sport motorbike are relatively bent forward and the position of the foot slightly backwards, this position is used on a motorcycle like this so that the wind pressure from the opposite direction does not hit the rider's body that makes this motorcycle can travel at high speed . Motorcycle body like this also has a close distance to the ground which causes this motorbike to be low, this is due to adding aerodynamic elements to the motorcycle at high speeds on the circuit. Examples of this type of motorcycle are: Honda CBR 250, Honda CBR 150, Kawasaki Ninja, etc.
Standard / Naked

2014 Honda MegaPro is an example for "standard" or "naked" types

This type is a type of motorcycle with clutches and has a high body distance from the ground, this type of motorbike is a motorbike that is not used for racing events / high speed but the body design and engine performance are more powerful and strong. This type of motorcycle is used in daily necessities and can be driven on rocky / gravel terrain but not fully off-road. Examples of this type of motorcycle are: Honda Tiger, MegaPro Honda, Honda Verza 150, Bajaj XCD, Suzuki Thunder, Yamaha SZ-X, Honda CB Trigger, Honda Win, etc.

Cruiser

Examples of "Cruiser" type motorbikes

The type of cruiser is a type of motorcycle that has a large engine torque and has the ability to attract large loads. Usually this type of motor is identical to a 2 cylinder engine, a relaxed and Chopper style riding position. The position of the rider's hand is higher than the sitting position and the position of the foot that is stretched forward. Examples of these motorbikes are the products of Harley Davidson manufacturers and Bajaj Avenger.

Trail / Off-Road
The type of trail is a type of motorbike that is devoted to bulldozing heavy terrain. For example rocky and muddy terrain. This type of motorcycle has a characteristic contour of rough tires, resembling a jagged / jagged box. This type of motor has large torque and hardiness. Body distance from the ground is relatively high. This type of motorcycle does not pursue top speed, but acceleration. This type of motorcycle has more types of suspension than other motors because of its use in heavy terrain. Examples of this type of motorcycle are: Suzuki DR Z400S dual sport 400 cc, KLX Kawasaki 150, Honda CRF450X, and others.

"Duck"
This type is a type of manual motorbike without a clutch that has a small Cylinder Capacity (CC). This type of motorcycle is a patterned body model from the driver's seat down then up to the steering handlebar. The position of the rider for this motorcycle is upright. Examples of this type of motorcycle are: Honda Supra X 125, Honda Revo, Honda Blade, Honda Astrea, Yamaha Jupiter, Honda Sonic 150R etc.

Automatic Scooter
This automatic scooter type is a type of automatic motorbike that does not use manual gear operand and is only enough with one acceleration, this motorbike has a small cylinder (CC) capacity and upright driver position, the size of this motorcycle is smaller and lighter than the duck type. This motorbike has an empty space between the steering wheel and the driver which allows for the foot to be placed in that place. This motorcycle is very suitable for women and this is used for purposes in the city / region. This type of motorcycle has a fairly small tire and wheel size dimension. Examples of this type of motorcycle are: Honda Beat, Honda Vario, Honda Scoopy, Honda Spacy Helmets, Vespa Piaggio, Yamaha Mio, etc.


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