Game Technology:
History and Development
It is undeniable that technological
developments have infiltrated all sectors both in terms of industry, business,
economy, and even the entertainment world, which also has its own technology.
One of them is the video and console game is a technology that has successfully
penetrated into the entertainment sector. Playing games can indeed dispel
boredom, boredom, as well as useful to fill the time when it is empty. The more
modern technology, the easier it is for someone to play games. Especially in the
smartphone era, there are so many games that can be played with amazing
graphics. The game itself turned out to have a history or origin which is
certainly very interesting to know. For example, who exactly was the inventor
of the game, and what was the first game console that was made up to how it is
developing now. Therefore, the following is a complete review of the inventor
as well as the development of existing games in the world.
The origin of video / video game gaming was
in the early cathode ray tube based missile defense system in the late 1940s.
These programs were later adapted into other simple games in the 1950s. In the
late 1950s and through the 1960s, more computer games were developed (mostly on
mainframe computers), gradually increasing sophistication and complexity. After
this period, video games deviated to various platforms: arcade, mainframe,
console, personal computers and then handheld games.
The first commercial video game console
company was Computer Space in 1971, which laid the foundation for the new
entertainment industry in the late 1970s in the United States, Japan and
Europe. but this long-lasting company was largely due to the flood of video
games that came to the market resulting in the total collapse of the console
game industry worldwide, eventually shifting market dominance from North
America to Japan. But this only affected the game console market, the computer
gaming market was largely unaffected. The next generation of video game
consoles will continue to be dominated by Japanese companies. Although some
efforts will be made by North America and European companies, the fourth
generation of consoles, their efforts will ultimately fail. . Not until the
sixth generation of video game consoles will non-Japanese companies release a
commercially successful console system. The market has followed the same path
several times failed by American companies who all failed beyond some limited
success in handheld electronic games early on. At present only Japanese
companies have successful large handheld game consoles, although in recent
years handheld games have come to devices such as cellphones and PDAs.
Game Technology
Development
It's
no secret if more technology is developing, more and more innovations from
creative people in this world are also born. And one of them helped develop
game technology, which is routinely developed every time. The game is indeed a
promising business because it is not only used by small children but also many
adults who are addicted and enjoy playing games, especially console-based
games. The technology seems to have developed several generations from year to
year, among others;
First Generation
(1952-1975)
Year 1952
Game
technology apparently was first created by the U.S. Douglas in 1952 at the
University of Cambridge. Douglas demonstrated his game through a thesis in
order to interact between computers and humans. The first game in the world
turned out to be very simple, namely a game of Tic-Tac-Toe or XOXO which was
programmed using an EDSAC vaccum-tube computer, where the computer had a CRT
(Cathode Ray Tube) screen.
First Game: Tic-Tac-Toe
1st Generation. EDSAC Tic-Tac-Toe
Year 1958
William
Higinbotham created the Tennis for Two game played on oscilloscopes at
Brookhaven National Laboratory, New York. Same with Douglas, this game is also
still very simple. The interface itself displays a tennis court from the side
and is still very limited.
Second Game: Tennis for Two
Year 1961
A
few years after the creation of the first game technology or more precisely in
1961 — the next game came along with the rise and fall of computer technology.
Computers at that time were still very fancy items, from here Steve Russell
created a game called Spacewar because it was inspired by the science fiction
story by Edward E Smith entitled Skylark. Steve Russell designed
"Spacewar!" On the PDP-1 computer mainframe at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology (MIT). The Spacewar game was created by Russell using
computers and utilizing the MIT PDP-1 mainframe feature commonly used for
statistical calculations. With this computer, Steve successfully made Spacewar.
Third Game: Spacewar
Year 1972
Because
gaming technology became a hot topic in the past, some students decided to
innovate by utilizing existing technology facilities on campus to make video
games more attractive while also channeling creativity. But in 1972, game
technology was more developed when for the first time released a video game
device made by the Magnavox Odyssey Company, they created a new technological
breakthrough in the world of games which succeeded in creating video games that
could be connected to television.
Maganavox
'Odyssey, designed by Ralph Baer, became the first console game. Nolan
Bushnell and Ted Dabney made Atari. They rented the Al Alcorn program, whose
first project was designing an arcade game "Pong".
Year 1975
But
unfortunately three years later, in 1975, Magnavox Odyssey stopped producing
video games. But they actually introduced a new technology, namely
console-based microprocessor. Until finally the Magnavox produced a new type of
video game that specifically presents the Pong game. "Pong" became
the first product of Atari's game. "Gunfight" comes out, the first
arcade game that uses a microprocessor.
Birth of Video Games
Second Generation
(1976-1983)
Year 1976
In
the second generation, game technology developed to be better than before. This
period is known as the presence of 8 bit graphics or approximately 4 bits in
the history of computers and video games. In 1976, Fairchild tried to revive
the world of video games by creating VES (Video Entertainment System). VES is
the first machine called "console". This console uses magnetic tapes
called cartridges. Well, this concept was followed by several other
manufacturers, including Atari, Magnavox, and RCA, the three companies also
released similar consoles.
Generation 2. VES (Video Entertainment System)
Year 1977
Atari
issued a "home video game system" (Atari Video Computer System /
VCS), which came to be known as the Atari 2600. Price: $ 249. Coleco issued a
game console that they could program, Telstar Arcade. Nintendo released their
first home video game, "TV Game 6". RCA issued the RCA Studio II home
video game system. The video game has black and white.
Generation 2. Atari 2600
Year 1980
Mattel
released the Intellivision home video game after testing the marketing system
in California the previous year. David Crane, Alan Miller, Bob Whitehead, and
Larry Kaplan founded Activision, the first company that specializes in making
games. Atari released the arcade game "Battlezone", a game with the
first 3D perspective. Namco takes out "Pac-Man". APF issued Imagination
Machines, computer add-ons for APF MP-1000 home video games. Nintendo was the
first to issue a video game-handheld series called Game & Watch.
Generation 2. APF MP-1000
The
first "Easter Egg" for video games was born. Warren Robinett
programmed it in a game called "Adventure" from the Atari 2600
engine. Broderbund stood. Curtains stands.
Year 1982
GCE
released the first portable video home game based on vector, Vectrex. Price: $
200. Entex released a portable home video game, AdventureVision. Coleco
released home video game, ColecoVision. Price: $ 175. Atari released a home
video game, the Atari 5200 Super System.
Arcadia
SuperCharger was released for Atari 2600, adding graphics and program power to
the console. Arcadia then changed its name to Starpath. Mattel issues
IntelliVoice, an expansion module for Intellivision. North American Phillips
released "The Voice" an additional module for Odyssey2, this module makes
"system clear" and "independent voice syntesis".
Commodore
released a home computer, Commodore 64. Emerson released a home video game,
Arcadia 2001. Amazing 'Software (which later changed its name to Electronic
Arts) was founded by Trip Hawkins. Interplay Productions was founded by Brian
Fargo. Since 1985 they only use the name Interplay.
Third Generation
(1983-1986)
Year 1983
Nintendo
released home video games, the Famicom in Japan. Infogrames stands. Origin
Systems, famous for its role-playing games "Ultima", stood up. Sega
Enterprises stands up. Failed and then sold to Bally, who then only survived
for one year Virgin Interactive stood up.
3rd generation. Nintendo
Year 1984
The
video game market experienced sluggishness, as a result dozens of companies in
the field of games, both software and hardware closed or stopped production.
Among them are Apollo, US Games, Telesys, Data Age, Spectravision, and 20th
Century Fox. Apple released a Macintosh home computer. The speed of the small
engine that has a black-and-white monitor is 7.83mhz. Price: $ 2000. Atari
released Atari ST, a home computer. IBM released IBM PC AT, a home computer.
Atari released the arcade game "I, Robot", the first game to apply
"3D polygon" graphics. Accolade was formed by ex-Atari and Bob Whitehead
and Alan Miller from Activision. Ocean were formed. Pygnosis was formed.
Year 1985
Nintendo
released a home video game, Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) to test the
market in New York, NES became the Famicom. Price: $ 199. Microsoft released
the first version of Windows. Alex Pajitnov designed the game PC
"Tetris". The first CD-ROM is issued for PC (Personal Computer).
Price: $ 1295. Dataset is established. Titus was founded. Westwood Studios was
founded.
NES - Famicom
FAMICOM
is the first game console that displays high resolution images and animations.
And the presence of these devices is of course welcomed by people throughout
the world. Even the legendary game Super Mario also first appeared on this
Nintendo and Famicon device.
The
presence of Super Mario has finally made the game console sales increase, even
because there are many software and hardware companies that stop production.
Considering that Super Mario at that time sold very fast, it was later feared
that making other devices both software and hardware were not sold in the
market, so it was not surprising because they did not want to take risks, many
companies chose to temporarily stop production.
Super Mario game on Nintendo
Super
Mario sales finally made Nintendo expand its marketing to America. And they
succeeded in dominating the video game market there, so this indirectly also
led to competition between game console companies, namely Nintendo, which is a
newcomer, with SEGA which is actually located in America.
Year 1986
Sega
released the Sega Master System. Price: $ 199. Atari released the Atari 7800.
It was the first system with a "backwards-compatibility" feature,
compatible with Atari 2600 cartridges. Cosmi is formed. The Holobyte Spectrum
is formed. Soft yams are formed.
3rd generation. Sega
Fourth Generation
(1988-1993)
The
skyrocketing of Nintendo sales with Super Mario lasted a long time. This was
proven in 1988, Nintendo re-issued its new game console with the 16-bit
generation while bringing drastic changes to gameplay, sound system, graphics,
and so on. The new Nintendo game console is finally welcomed by the world.
Do
not want to be stressed by the atmosphere of Nintendo's success, SEGA also
released a new version of the game console, Sega Mega Drive with almost the
same quality. In fact, SEGA managed to create a game console that has sharper
images and smoother animation than Nintendo. But that apparently did not affect
the sale of Nintendo devices in the world. This device still survives at the
highest selling peak for game consoles.
Nintendo's
new game console SNES (Super Nintendo Entertainment System) can indeed rival
the SEGA Megadrive in 1990 ago. But a year later, SEGA launched a game called
Sonic the Hedgehog, which eventually attracted game lovers. Because the quality
of gameplay, graphics, etc., of course, this game is much better than Nintendo
Super Mario. And finally Sonic the Hedgehog officially became a super rival of
Super Mario.
Year 1989
Nintendo
released a game-handheld, Game Boy. Price: $ 109. NEC released the North
American version of the Turbografx-16 video game system. Price: $ 189. Sega
released the Sega Genesis video game system. Price: $ 249. Atari released the
first color handheld game Atari Lynx. Price: $ 149. NEC released an upgraded
version of their PC Engine console in Japan, SuperGrafx. Only 5 game titles
make use of this video game and have never been sold commercially outside
Japan.
4th Generation Game Boy
Year 1991
Commodore
released a CD-based home video game, CDTV. Price: $ 999. Fujitsu released FM
Towns Marty, the first 32-bit console in the world. Nintendo released Super
Nintendo. Price: $ 199. Joe Santulli and Kevin Oleniacz founded Digital Press,
an independent publication collector of various video game systems. Two major
PC entertainment publishers, Cinemaware and Epyx, close.
Year 1993
Atari
released the first 64-bit system (this is still debated) for home video games,
Atari Jaguar. Price: $ 250. Commodore released Amiga CD32, a 32-bit game
console based on the Amiga 1200 computer. Price: $ 399. 3DO's Hawkins Trip
released CD-based home video games, 3DO Multiplayer. The Panasonic version is
at the top, followed by Goldstar a few months later. Price: $ 699.
Fifth Generation
(1994-1999)
To
compete with Nintendo and SEGA, it didn't sound long, Atari finally launched
its console, the Atari Jaguar, which has the same SNES and Mega Drive
sophistication. But unfortunately, its use is more difficult to make game
lovers less interested. Even in this generation, Sony for the first time
released a CD-based game console. And then issued a Playstation that uses
32-bit technology.
The
two consoles made by Sony finally managed to reap success and grab the
attention of game lovers. The CD-based console alone is one of the best-selling
game consoles of all time, beating Nintendo and SEGA. Of course, feeling
rivaled, then Nintendo released a new console, the Nintendo 64 and SEGA
released the SEGA Saturn, which was created to beat the dominance of Sony's console.
Year 1994
The
Entertainment Software Ratings Board (ESRB) was formed by the United States
government, to rate video games. Sega issued a Sega 32X expansion module for
Sega Genesis, price: $ 159. Sony issued a CD-based home video game, Sony
PlayStation in Japan.
Generation 5. PlayStation
Year 1996
Nintendo
released 64-bit home video games, Nintendo 64. This is the last console to use
a cartridge. Bandai released the @World home video game, better known as
Pippin. Price: $ 499.
Year 1997
Tiger
Electronics issued a video game handheld, game.com. In 1998 Sega released the
home video game Sega Dreamcast in Japan. Nintendo released Game Boy Color color
handheld video games. The system is compatible with cartridges from the early
Game Boy. World of Atari, which the following year became known as the
"Classic Gaming Expo", was first held in Las Vegas. Hasbro
Interactive bought Atari for $ 5 million.
Year 1999
Sega
released the Sega Dreamcast in the USA on 9/9/1999. Price: $ 199. SNK released
the Neo-Geo Pocket colored handheld video game.
Generation 5. Sega Dreamcast
Sixth Generation
(2000-2013)
Despite
launching a new console, but in fact Nintendo and SEGA still can't beat Sony's
Playstation sales. Even in 2000, Sony was increasingly rampant with the release
of Playstation 2 DVD-based with a much better display than all Nintendo and
SEGA consoles. The presence of the Playstation 2 finally left far the gaming
technology of the two companies that competed in previous generations. The only
console that can compete with Sony is Microsoft's Xbox. This intense
competition also made SEGA admit its defeat and they would rather concentrate
in the field of making console games.
Despite
getting new rivals, Microsoft's Xbox was still unable to compete with the
Playstation 2 competition. In that era, the Playstation 2 was the highest
selling peak for game consoles.
Year 2000
Sony
releases home video games, PlayStation 2. Price: $ 299.
Year 2001
Microsoft
released their first home video game, Xbox. Price: $ 299. Nintendo released
GameCube home video games. Price: $ 199. Nintendo video game handheld Game Boy
Advance.
Generation 6. Xbox
GTA game on the Xbox
Seventh generation
(now)
Due
to the increasingly sophisticated technology in the field of technology, then
the 3 biggest console companies (Sony, Nintendo, and Microsoft) are releasing
their next-generation console the latest output. Sony released a next-gen
console named PS3 (Playstation 3), then Nintendo with Nintendo Wii then
Microsoft with Xbox 360. In this generation online game systems or games
involving many players were connected to their consoles and the abandonment of
single games. player.
God of war Game on PS4
PS4 cosole
Even
though the Xbox display is very sharp and high quality, it turns out that the
Xbox game can't beat the popular Playstation 2. So far Sony has launched
Playstation version 3, and followed by version 4.
Development of Game
Handhelds
The
growing popularity of the game made various electronic companies try to make
new breakthroughs. Among them is making a small game machine, which can be
carried anywhere. Later, consoles were made mini, similar to handhelds, of
course, this was a major breakthrough that should not be forgotten in the
history of the game.
1976-1979,
the history of this pocket video game began, some devices from Mattel were
released to the market, but not so popular. Similarly, the Milton Bradley
handheld was thrown into the market.
1980-1984,
Japanese companies began to explore the handheld market, but still the same
results. This continued until 1984. At that time, a name that was certainly
familiar until now, Game Boy, appeared. This Nintendo handheld is in great
demand and has been named the first handheld in the world with a successful
sales figure.
1989,
Atari ended the era of black and white handhelds. Its flagship product, Atari
Lynx, brings a new dimension. This is the first handheld that is capable of
displaying colors, as well as simple 3D animation.
1990,
the world of handhelds became increasingly crazy, NEC, the leading electronics
company in Japan, made handhelds capable of rendering 3D animation more
complex, because it applied 3D graphics concepts to PCs (personal computers). Handheld
is different generation: 1. Sony PSP, 2. GamePark XGP, 3. GamePark GP32, 4.
Atari Lynx, and 5. NEC TurboExpress.
1994,
Since that year, game manufacturers have increasingly been conducting research
for handhelds. Sega released Game Gear and a year later, Nintendo updated its
product with the Super Game Boy. In fact, Sega manufactures a screenless
handheld, Mega Jet, to be implemented on airplanes to entertain passengers.
Nintendo Virtual Boy followed, complete with its 3D glasses, which are now
being replicated to complement various 3D graphics product packages.
1995,
there was an idea to shrink the size of the console, starting with Sega Nomad.
This console requires Sega Mega Drive cartridges, but it is small in size,
therefore it is classified as a handheld.
1996,
Neo Geo Pocket appeared, followed by several variations of Game Boy Pocket and
Game Boy Color, which continued to innovate every year.
1998-2000,
Sony released the PocketStation and gave a big surprise in the console world.
This handheld has a visual quality that is far better than other handhelds on
the market. One of Nintendo's frontman, Gumpei Yokoi, decided to leave and join
Bandai, then released WonderSwan and WonderSwan Color. Nokia NGage QD, the
business of the Nokia mobile phone manufacturer penetrated the gaming industry.
2001,
the GP32 Game Park appeared. This Korean-made handheld is very unique, in
addition to multimedia features, the owner can design his own applications and
games for the GP32. Nintendo also released the Game Boy Advance in the same
year. In fact, Nokia's mobile phone manufacturer is no stranger to you,
releasing the Nokia N-Gage handheld. This is a cellphone as well as a gaming
device that is complete with multimedia features and interconnectivity, such as
Bluetooth. And also this year, Game Boy Advance SP was released with a
beautiful, solid and solid model.
2004-2006,
Sony released the first handheld to use a disc named PSP and was accompanied by
the presence of the Nintendo DS, which uses the concept of dual screen.
Followed by Game Boy Micro and XGP Game Park. The Nintendo DS Lite and Pelican
VG Pocket Caplet are the latest handhelds that are thrown into the market.
Mobile & Online
Generation Games
This
is the most exciting generation game because there are many games / games
developed for mobile purposes such as Flash Games, Web Version Games, Android
Version Games and with the support of web technology, the HTML5 Version of the
Game is emerging which has been increasingly developed since 2012.
Reference:
- https://carisinyal.com/perkembangan-konsol-game/
- https://www.indoworx.com/searching-journal-perkembangan-teknologi-game-di-dunia/
- https://g2hcombro.wordpress.com/sejarah-perkembangan-game/
- https://naufunoyokishinai.wordpress.com/2015/03/13/sejarah-perkembangan-teknologi-game/
- https://ahmadfikriand.wordpress.com/2016/04/05/sejarah-teknologi-game/
- https://www.klikmania.net/sejarah-dan-perkembangan-teknologi-game/
